阳离子型高温酸化缓蚀剂的合成及其性能评价

针对Mannich碱型缓蚀剂存在的溶解性不好和缓蚀率不高等问题,以甲醛、环己酮和苯胺为原料,合成了一种Mannich碱型缓蚀剂CH-9,将其阳离子化后,再与丙炔醇复配,得到了阳离子型高温酸化缓蚀剂CH-10。由室内性能评价可知,CH-10在盐酸中有良好的溶解分散性;与酸液中其他添加剂如粘土稳定剂和铁离子稳定剂的配伍性良好,不会对酸化地层造成堵塞;在90℃和常压下,在20%HCl溶液中加入浓度为1%的CH-10,其对N80钢片的腐蚀速率为4.765g/(m2·h);在120℃时,浓度为2%的CH-10对N80钢片的腐蚀速率为14.30g/(m2·h),均达到了SY/T5405-1996标准中的一级标准。     

常压炉炉管及转油线的腐蚀

通过对常压炉炉管及转油线腐蚀情况的分析,认为该炉发生转油线腐蚀泄漏的主要原因是原油含硫量升高、冲刷加剧、材质不适合以及设备老化等。针对腐蚀的成因采取了对整个转油线进行包盒子处理、材质升级、摸清活性硫在装置中的分布情况和腐蚀规律、开展高温部位定点测厚、避免高含硫原油直接进入装置等措施。     

油田污水处理及酸化缓蚀剂的应用

介绍了油田污水处理及酸化中的几类缓蚀剂,重点介绍了咪唑啉型缓蚀剂、膦系缓蚀剂、曼尼希碱、炔醇等四类目前使用较多的缓蚀剂。结合缓蚀剂的分子结构阐述了其作用机理,论述了污水用缓蚀剂和酸化用缓蚀剂分子结构的区别及原因,并探讨了今后研究和发展的方向。     

Transport of a surface-applied corrosion inhibitor in cement paste and concrete

Surface-applied corrosion inhibitors are a kind of repair material and usually contain an aminoalcohol and a component forming a salt with the aminoalcohol. According to the manufacturers, this type of inhibitor penetrates very rapidly into concrete; however, the transport mechanisms have not been sufficiently investigated so far. The major part of the study therefore focused on the transport of the ingredients of an inhibitor in cement paste and concrete, which contained an aminoalcohol and a phosphorous compound. It has been shown that the latter forms an insoluble calcium salt in the environment of cement and precipitates quantitatively. It is thus unable to penetrate from the outside into the alkaline concrete zone and cannot develop its inhibiting effect there. The aminoalcohol, on the other hand, is not bound by cement, but remains largely dissolved in the pore liquid, thus providing optimal conditions for high mobility. The analysis of the transport mechanisms involved has revealed that diffusion in the dissolved state is by far the most efficient transport mechanism. While basically the transport of the aminoalcohol via the gaseous phase is possible, it does play an inferior role only. Surprisingly, the substance had hardly been absorbed by concrete by capillary suction, but at first remained close to the concrete surface.     

CL－1型缓蚀剂的研制

为了阻缓高含水原油对集输管线的腐蚀，研制了ＣＬ－１型输油管线缓蚀剂。这种缓蚀剂是以两种咪唑啉衍生物与联氨为主要成分的复配药剂，运用于油水共在体系．本文介绍了该剂的室内性能评价和现场试验结果。     

氟塑料—石墨板式换热器在高温强腐蚀换热工况中的应用

通过氟塑料－石墨板式换热器在化纤生产中高温强腐蚀换热工况中的实际应用，并与常规换热器的使用情况的对比分析，阐述了这种新型换热设备的特点。     

减粘裂化分馏塔顶系统的腐蚀及防护

辽河石化分公司减粘裂化装置改炼辽河超稠油的减压渣油后 ,分馏塔顶系统由HCl -H2 S -HCN -有机酸 -H2 O引起的电化学腐蚀严重 ,其中油水分离器局部腐蚀速率达 3.1mm/a ,12AlMoV管束的空冷器运行不足两个月即发生泄漏。塔顶系统采用BZH - 1中和缓蚀剂、无机氨BZH - 913油溶性缓蚀剂综合注剂方案 ,使腐蚀得到控制     

Novel application of radiotracer techniques for corrosion studies of zinc and aluminium in acidic medium

The adsorption of sulphate ions on Zn and Al was studied in 0.5 M NaClO₄ supporting electrolyte at various pH values in the range of pH=2-7 by radiotracer techniques. It was found in both cases that the adsorption of sulphate passes over maximum in the pH range studied.The phenomena observed are interpreted by the assumption that the main component of the overall process is anion adsorption on the protonated oxides/hydroxides formed as a result of corrosion. At low pH values the steady state coverage with respect to these products should be very low owing to their dissolution; consequently the extent of anion adsorption induced must also be very low. At higher pH values where no protonation occurs the adsorption of anions decreases significantly.     

Nondestructive evaluation of the characteristics of degraded materials using backward radiated ultrasound

The frequency dependency of Rayleigh surface wave is investigated indirectly by measuring the angular dependency of the backward radiation of the incident ultrasonic wave in two kinds of degraded specimens by scuffing or corrosion. Then, the frequency dependency is compared with the residual stress distribution or the corrosion-fatigue characteristics for the scuffed or corroded specimens, respectively. The width of the backward radiation profile increases with the increase of the variation in residual stress distribution for the scuffed specimens. In the corroded specimens, the profile width decreases with the increase of the effective aging layer thickness and is inversely proportional to the exponent, m, in the Paris’ law that can predict the crack size increase due to fatigue. The result observed in this study demonstrates high potential of backward radiated ultrasound as a tool for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface gradient of material degradation generated by scuffing or corrosion.     

长距离油、气、水混输管道内壁流动腐蚀的研究进展

就近几十年来，多相流管线的流动腐蚀（CO2腐蚀，H2S腐蚀，腐蚀/冲蚀协同作用），腐蚀/冲蚀数学模型和设计准则，腐蚀检测，腐蚀防护与控制技术等方面的研究进展进行了综述。指出了当前研究中所存在的一些问题，就多相流的研究方向提出了相应的建议。