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121.
Efficient numerical finite-element analysis of creeping concrete structures requires the use of Kelvin or Maxwell chain models, which are most conveniently identified from a continuous retardation or relaxation spectrum, the spectrum in turn being determined from the given compliance or relaxation function. The method of doing that within the context of solidification theory for creep with aging was previously worked out by Ba?ant and Xi in 1995 but only for the case of a continuous retardation spectrum based on the Kelvin chain. The present paper is motivated by the need to incorporate concrete creep into the recently published Microplane Model M4 for nonlinear triaxial behavior of concrete, including tensile fracturing and behavior under compression. In that context, the Maxwell chain is more effective than the Kelvin chain, because of the kinematic constraint of the microplanes used in M4. The paper shows how to determine the continuous relaxation spectrum for the Maxwell chain, based on the solidification theory for aging creep of concrete. An extension to the more recent microprestress-solidification theory is also outlined and numerical examples are presented. 相似文献
122.
Failure analysis of a boiler tube in USC coal power plant 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nam-Hyuck Lee Sin Kim Byung-Hak Choe Kee-Bong Yoon Dong-il Kwon 《Engineering Failure Analysis》2009,16(7):2031-2035
This paper presents failure analysis of final superheater tube in ultra-supercritical (USC) coal power plant. Visual inspection was performed to find out the characteristics of fracture of the as-received material. And the micro-structural changes such as grain growth and carbide coarsening was examined by scanning electron microscope. Detailed microscopic studies were made to find out the behavior of the scale exfoliation on the waterside of tubes. From those investigations, the creep rupture may be caused by the softened structure induced by carbide coarsening and accelerated by the metal temperature increase by the impediment of heat transfer due to voids. 相似文献
123.
S. Caminada G. Cumino L. Cipolla A. Di Gianfrancesco 《International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping》2009
The metallurgical background of advanced ferritic steels must be considered during every stage of fabrication, including forming operations, such as cold bending, because they can negatively affect the high-temperature properties of the material when not performed properly. 相似文献
124.
Fracture toughness tests were conducted on a Ti-62222 (titanium alloy) sheet being considered for use in high temperature aircraft applications in the as received condition and after exposing the pre-cracked specimens to a sustained stress intensity, K, level between 55 and 60.5 MPa
for 200 h at 350°C. It was concluded that the fracture toughness does not degrade as a result of exposure to high temperature and the K levels in this material. The tensile strength in the exposed condition also remained the same as in the as received condition. 相似文献
125.
The knowledge of mechanical long term behaviour under static and cyclic loading for high temperature components requires methodologies for life assessment in order to employ the full potential of materials. A phenomenological life time prediction concept which was developed for multi‐stage creep fatigue loading demonstrates the applicability of rules for synthesis of stress strain path and relaxation including an internal stress concept, as well as mean stress effects. Further, a creep fatigue interaction concept which was also developed covers a wide range of creep dominant loading as well as fatigue dominant loading. Service‐type experiments conducted at different strain rates and hold times for verification purposes demonstrate the acceptability of life prediction method for variation of conventional 1 %Cr‐steels as well as modern high chromium 9‐10 %Cr‐steels. Generally, the service life of components is influenced by multi‐axial behaviour. Multi‐axial experiments with e.g. notched specimens and with cruciform specimens accompanied by advanced methods for calculation of stress strain path and life time prediction stress conditions are of future interest. 相似文献
126.
A micromechanics study of competing mechanisms for creep fracture of zirconium diboride polycrystals
Chi-Hua Yu Chang-Wei Huang Chuin-Shan Chen Yanfei Gao Chun-Hway Hsueh 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2013,33(10):1625-1637
A micromechanics model was developed to simulate creep fracture of ceramics at high temperatures and material properties pertinent to zirconium diboride (ZrB2) were adopted in the simulation. Creep fracture is a process of nucleation, growth, and coalescence of cavities along the grain boundaries in a localized and inhomogeneous manner. Based on the grain boundary cavitation process, creep fracture can be categorized into cavity nucleation-controlled and cavity growth-controlled processes. On the other hand, based on the deformation mechanism, the separation between two adjacent grain boundaries can be categorized into diffusion-controlled and creep-controlled mechanisms. In this study, a parametric study was performed to examine the effects of applied stress, cavity nucleation parameter, grain boundary diffusivity, and applied strain rate on cavity nucleation-controlled versus growth-controlled process as well as diffusion-controlled vs. creep-controlled mechanism during creep fracture of ZrB2. 相似文献
127.
Increase of stress intensity near interface edge of elastic-creep Bi-material under a sustained load
The transition from small-scale creep to large-scale creep ahead of a crack tip or an interface edge with strong elastic stress singularity at the loading instant causes stress relaxation and the decrease of stress intensity in general. However, this study shows that the stress near the interface edge of bi-material with no or weak elastic stress singularity increases after the loading instant and brings about the stress concentration during the transition. In addition, the creep strain distribution of this bi-material after the loading instant is different from that occurred in the transition of an interface edge with strong elastic stress singularity or a crack tip (notch root). The criterion for the increase or decrease of stress intensity near the interface edge proved by the finite element method is proposed in this study. The stress intensity near the interface edge increases when the elastic stress singularity is lower than the creep stress singularity (λel < λcr) and vice versa. 相似文献
128.
J. Froitzheim G.H. Meier L. Niewolak P.J. Ennis H. Hattendorf L. Singheiser W.J. Quadakkers 《Journal of power sources》2008
High-Cr ferritic model steels containing various additions of the refractory elements Nb and/or W were studied with respect to oxidation behaviour (hot) tensile properties, creep behaviour and high-temperature electrical conductivity of the surface oxide scales. Whereas W additions of around 2 wt.% had hardly any effect on the oxidation rates at 800 and 900 °C, Nb additions of 1% led to a substantially enhanced growth rate of the protective surface oxide scale. It was found that this adverse effect can be alleviated by suitable Si additions. This is related to the incorporation of Si and Nb into Laves phase precipitates which also contribute to increased creep and hot tensile strength. The dispersion of Laves phase precipitates was greatly refined by combined additions of Nb and W. The high-temperature electrical conductivity of the surface oxide scales was similar to that of the Nb/W-free alloys. Thus the combined additions of Nb, W and Si resulted in an alloy with oxidation resistance, ASR contribution and thermal expansion comparable to the commercial alloy Crofer 22 APU, but with creep strength far greater than that of Crofer 22 APU. 相似文献
129.
130.
测试了30Crf1Mo1V钢的蠕变极限,通过透射电镜对稳态是为阶段位错的结构、分布、组态及其运动方式进行了探讨。试验结果表明,蠕变稳态阶段位错的运动是以滑移为主,稳态蠕变速率受位错的攀移控制。 相似文献