Electrochemical and spontaneous deposition of ruthenium at platinum electrodes for methanol oxidation: an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study

PtRu electrodes with Ru surface concentration ranging from 20 to 50% were prepared by electrolysis of Ru(NO)(NO₃)₃ at a constant potential and/or by spontaneous Ru deposition performed at open circuit potential from a RuCl₃ solution. The amount of either spontaneously or electrochemically deposited ruthenium on the platinum electrode was determined by means of an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The effect of the Ru surface concentration on the rate of methanol electrooxidation was also investigated and correlated to the EQCM measurements.     

低气压电晕放电电流特性理论与试验研究

为了解低气压环境下的电晕放电电流特性,对放电电流进行理论研究和仿真计算,并建立了由气压泵、气压计、密闭气罐、高压静电源、动态电位测试仪等组成的低气压电晕放电模拟试验系统。利用针-板电极结构模型,进行了低气压环境下的针-板电晕放电试验,并结合气体放电理论,从微观粒子运动方面对试验结果进行分析。研究结果表明:随着气压的降低,放电电流脉冲上升沿时间和电流脉冲重复频率逐渐增大,但下降沿和脉冲持续时间基本不变。     

In Situ Preparation of Sandwich MoO3/C Hybrid Nanostructures for High‐Rate and Ultralong‐Life Supercapacitors

This work presents a design of sandwich MoO₃/C hybrid nanostructure via calcination of the dodecylamine‐intercalated layered α‐MoO₃, leading to the in situ production of the interlayered graphene layer. The sample with a high degree of graphitization of graphene layer and more interlayered void region exhibits the most outstanding energy storage performance. The obtained material is capable of delivering a high specific capacitance of 331 F g^?1 at a current density of 1 A g^?1 and retained 71% capacitance at 10 A g^?1. In addition, nearly no discharge capacity decay between 1000 and 10 000 continuous charge–discharge cycles is observed at a high current density of 10 A g^?1, indicating an excellent specific capacitance retention ability. The exceptional rate capability endows the electrode with a high energy density of 41.2 W h kg^?1 and a high power density of 12.0 kW kg^?1 simultaneously. The excellent performance is attributed to the sandwich hybrid nanostructure of MoO₃/C with broad ion diffusion pathway, low charge‐transfer resistance, and robust structure at high current density for long‐time cycling. The present work provides an insight into the fabrication of novel electrode materials with both enhanced rate capability and cyclability for potential use in supercapacitor and other energy storage devices.     

电化学处理废水过程中羟基自由基的测定

采用三维电极-电Fenton耦合法降解模拟苯酚废水,验证模拟苯酚废水降解过程中羟基自由基的存在,考察不同电压、起始p H值、铁粉加入量、曝气等因素对羟基自由基生成量的影响,实验结果表明:当溶液的p H为6.86(原溶液),加入3.0 g/300 m L Fe粉,5 V电压下1.5 L·min-1的曝气下电解30 min后,苯酚降解过程中羟基自由基的生成量最大。     

N掺杂TiO_2/Ti液膜光催化处理染料废水

以尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂Ti O2膜电极(N-Ti O2/Ti),并优化了制备条件。结果表明,n(N)∶n(Ti)=0.84∶1、经450℃煅烧2.5 h制得的膜电极光催化性能最佳;与Cu电极组装斜置双极液膜反应器,可见光下考察光催化反应的影响因素。得出最佳降解条件为:初始p H=2.50,废水流量为85 m L/min,Na2SO4质量浓度为0.5 g/L,此条件下处理20 mg/L苋菜红120 min,脱色率可达90.1%;膜电极的重现性与重复性结果表明,6片电极60 min的脱色率为78.1%±4.0%;一片电极经6次循环60 min脱色率比初次减少了7.9%。     

A New High-Efficiency Experimental Design for Optimizing Various Flow Velocities Testing in Extremely Aggressive Formation Water

Compared to the traditional one-by-one method, a new high-efficiency method is used to characterize large numbers of regulations varying samples.Accordingly, bump-shaped electrodes are designed using the computational fluid dynamics model, and the effect of the height and placement of these electrodes is discussed.The experimental feasibility is certified by weight loss measurement.Results indicate that flow velocities of different bump-shaped electrode surfaces are significant differences.Thus, each surface can be analyzed independently; the thickness loss of each electrode surface is consistent with that using one-by-one method, which can effectively improve the experimental efficiency 12 times.     

负载氧化物的γ-Al2O3粒子电极制备及电催化氧化性能研究

采用浸渍-焙烧法制备一系列不同的负载Cu、Pb和Sn的氧化物为负载层的粒子电极,应用于三维电极法处理工业印染废水研究,通过正交试验设计确定γ-Al2O3负载氧化物粒子电极制备的主要影响因素及最佳制备条件。结果表明:当焙烧时间为6 h,焙烧温度为550℃,浸渍液为四氯化锡,投加量为140 g时,电催化氧化处理印染废水效果最好:COD Cr去除率达到88.33%,色度去除率达到99.41%;并将该条件下制备的粒子进行SEM、XRD检测表征其形貌及晶相组成,结果表明其电催化活性高,稳定性好。     

碳气凝胶的制备及其电除盐性能的研究

在常压条件下通过溶胶-凝胶法和碳化、活化工艺制备碳气凝胶材料.用SEM和BET比表面积测量等手段对材料的表面形貌和微观结构进行分析表征,通过循环伏安法对材料的电化学性能进行研究.联系材料的微观结构和电化学性能,对碳气凝胶的电除盐过程和除盐机理进行了研究和分析,发现碳气凝胶是一种具有很大应用潜力的多孔电极吸附材料.     

生物可利用铅的铋膜电极微分电位溶出法测定研究

研究了镀铋膜电极替代镀汞膜电极的微分电位溶出分析法(DPSA)测定铅的方法,考察了同位镀铋膜测定铅的条件.结果表明,在HAc-NaAc介质中铅可在镀铋膜电极上得到灵敏的微分电位溶出峰,结合三步连续萃取利用标准加入法对城市污泥样品中的生物可利用铅进行测定,避免了镀汞膜电极带来的健康与环境危害,结果较满意.     

水凝胶基传感器电极的研究进展

水凝胶是凝胶分子在最佳条件下通过物理或化学交联而制备的亲水聚合物网络,因其具有强大的可调节机械性能、自愈能力、良好的生物相容性,被认为是一种极具应用前景的传感器材料。近年来,柔性可穿戴电子设备逐渐成为人机交互技术和人工智能领域的主要研究方向,水凝胶传感器因具有良好的性能且能够实现多种信号的监测及传输,从而得到广泛研究,促进了柔性可穿戴电子设备的发展。本文介绍了目前水凝胶基传感器电极的研究进展,总结了不同用途的水凝胶基传感器电极的发展历程,重点阐述了水凝胶基传感器的电极在柔性可拉伸传感器领域的应用研究,最后总结分析了目前水凝胶基传感器电极存在的不足,并对水凝胶基传感器及其电极的制备工艺作出了展望。