锻造零件缺陷分析

介绍了四种典型锻造缺陷案例并进行了详尽的追述，主要从锻造过程中金属流动和冶金缺陷的重新分布的角度对锻造缺陷产生原因作了比较全面的解析，提出了解决这些问题比较成熟的经验和方法。     

人口经济动力学与CGE模型仿真

用通用数学建模系统软件GAMS建立了一个可以用于中长期预测和政策模拟的可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型系统.本系统由人口增长模型、生产模型和消费与储蓄模型组成.利用各个模型间的综合平衡关系和模型的动态反馈结构,将人口增长模型的输出作为外生变量,工资替代率和退休年龄作为控制变量,研究了按照中国人口老龄化的速度和依然运行传统的社会保障体系将会给国民经济和人民生活水平带来的影响,并探索了现有养老金系统改革可能达到的经济与社会效益.     

A Multivariate T2 Control Chart for Skewed Populations Using Weighted Standard Deviations

This paper proposes a heuristic method of constructing multivariate T² control charts for skewed populations based on ‘weighted standard deviations’, obtained by decomposing the standard deviation into upper and lower deviations according to the direction and degree of skewness. The proposed method adjusts the variance–covariance matrix of quality characteristics and modifies the ellipsoidal probability density function contour of the multivariate normal distribution to a shape similar to that of the skewed distribution. False alarm rates and out‐of‐control average run lengths of the proposed control chart are compared with those of the standard control chart for multivariate lognormal, Weibull and gamma distributions, and the results show that considerable improvement over the standard method can be achieved when the distribution is skewed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A pulsed neural network model of spectro-temporal receptive fields and population coding in auditory cortex

The existence of spectro-temporal receptive fields and evidence for population coding in auditory cortex motivate the development of such models, that explicitly operate in the time-frequency domain and are based on a pulsed neural network. In presenting such a model, a formal connection of the fields of Time Frequency Analysis and Pulsed Neural Networks is established. The resulting neural time-frequency signal representation is shown to be representable as a signal-dependent overcomplete dictionary. It is derived from neural population coding. Signal decomposition and filtering effects are presented, indicating obvious technical applications of the proposed model. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于有限混合总体的抽样

本文讨论混合总体的抽样性质,该总体由有限几个子体按比例充分混合得到.采样的均值与方差得到研究。我们也讨论了在保证采样质量的前提下对每一子体的最优配额问题.     

灰色人工神经网络人口总量预测模型及应用

针对单一指标进行人口总量预测精度不高的问题,基于灰色系统理论和人工神经网络理论,用1990年至2004年中国人口总量序列建立并训练一个多指标的灰色人工神经网络人口总量预测模型。对2005年至2007年的人口总量进行检验性预测,结果表明灰色人工神经网络模型大大提高了预测精度。     

The Thousand Polish Genomes—A Database of Polish Variant Allele Frequencies

Although Slavic populations account for over 4.5% of world inhabitants, no centralised, open-source reference database of genetic variation of any Slavic population exists to date. Such data are crucial for clinical genetics, biomedical research, as well as archeological and historical studies. The Polish population, which is homogenous and sedentary in its nature but influenced by many migrations of the past, is unique and could serve as a genetic reference for the Slavic nations. In this study, we analysed whole genomes of 1222 Poles to identify and genotype a wide spectrum of genomic variation, such as small and structural variants, runs of homozygosity, mitochondrial haplogroups, and de novo variants. Common variant analyses showed that the Polish cohort is highly homogenous and shares ancestry with other European populations. In rare variant analyses, we identified 32 autosomal-recessive genes with significantly different frequencies of pathogenic alleles in the Polish population as compared to the non-Finish Europeans, including C2, TGM5, NUP93, C19orf12, and PROP1. The allele frequencies for small and structural variants, calculated for 1076 unrelated individuals, are released publicly as The Thousand Polish Genomes database, and will contribute to the worldwide genomic resources available to researchers and clinicians.     

Scratching by pad asperities in chemical-mechanical polishing

In the fabrication of micro- and nano-scale semiconductor devices and electromechanical systems, the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process is extensively employed. During the CMP process, undesirable scratches are produced on metal-interconnect and low-k-dielectric surfaces by the softer pad asperities. This paper presents contact mechanics models for the initiation of scratching in terms of the pad asperity geometry, the interfacial friction, and the mechanical properties of materials. Results of dry, wet and lubricated experiments on Cu coatings qualitatively validate the theoretical models. To mitigate scratching by pad asperities during CMP, the developed models suggest that the friction coefficient be kept below 0.2.     

基于视频图像的输变电设备外部缺陷检测技术及其应用现状

基于视频图像的电力设备缺陷检测技术是实现电力智慧运维的关键技术之一,可解决电力设备故障自动诊断、主动预警和在线运维中存在的外部缺陷智能识别问题,减少人力资源浪费,提高电力系统巡检智能运维的频率与效率,从而弥补传统输变电设备巡检运维方式的不足。该文详细综述了当前典型的基于视频图像的输变电设备缺陷检测算法及图像处理技术,分析了传统图像处理方法及深度学习方法在电力设备缺陷检测领域应用的优缺点,总结了当前算法应用及开发平台的现状,指出了基于视频图像的输变电设备缺陷检测技术存在的问题,并展望了未来发展方向。     

偏光片细微外观缺陷偏振成像检测方法

针对偏光片细微外观缺陷难以成像、难以检测的问题,该文提出一种基于偏振成像的外观缺陷检测新方法。通过缺陷偏振态指标测量结果,定性描述了对比度增强机理。利用缺陷与正常区域之间透射光偏振态的显著差异,大幅提高缺陷的成像对比度,从而简化后续图像处理算法,提高检测速度和准确率。实验结果表明,偏光片外观缺陷平均检出率达到97.3%,平均单个样品检测时间约为0.22 s,基本满足产业化应用要求。