Velocity Distribution in the Roughness Layer of Rough-Bed Flows

Several models for the vertical distribution of the double-averaged (in time and in the plane parallel to the mean bed) longitudinal velocity in the flow region between roughness troughs and roughness tops are suggested. We found that the same model for velocity distribution may be applicable to a range of flow conditions and roughness types, which share some common features. The suggested models for velocity distribution in the near-bed region are: (1) Constant velocity; (2) exponential velocity distribution; and (3) linear velocity distribution. The measured velocity distributions may be approximated by a single model or by a combination of models depending on roughness geometry and flow conditions. The validity of these models for velocity distribution is supported by laboratory data.     

Lanthanum Distribution and Oxygen Vacancy Concentration in SrBi4-x Lax Ti4O15

The Raman and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of lanthanum-doped SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBLT -x, x =0.00, 0. 05, 0. 10, 0. 25, 0.50, 0. 75 and 1.00) ferroelectric ceramics were investigated to explore the La substitution site and the influence of La-doping on the oxygen vacancy concentration. The results suggest that La3 ions behave pronounced site selectivity for the A site in the case of x ≤ 0.10, and they are incorporated into Bi2O2 layers at higher content. The oxygen vacancy concentration declines with La-doping, and the decrease seems saturated as La content is higher than 0.10.     

不同轮压分布形式对半刚性路面结构力学响应的有限元分析

针对轮胎接地形状的不规则性和轮压分布的不均匀性,运用三维有限元方法分析了轮压在圆形均匀分布、矩形均匀分布和矩形非均匀分布3种轮载作用形式下半刚性路面结构的力学响应.计算表明,轮压作用于路面的形状和非均匀性均对沥青路面的力学响应有显著的影响,尤其是超载时,圆形均布假设和矩形均布假设均不能正确反应半刚性结构层内部的剪切指标,只有矩形非均布假设能够很好地反应.研究提出,欠载及标准轴载时,可以采用圆形均布假设进行路面结构力学响应的分析;超载时,鉴于剪切指标对轮压非均匀性分布的敏感性,建议采用矩形非均匀分布荷载形式进行路面结构力学响应的分析及模拟仿真.     

关于Poisson分布高阶矩的几个定理的推论

本文对笔者曾撰文〔1〕推出的 Poisson分布高阶矩的几个定理作进一步的研究 ,给出几个推论。     

絮凝体的物理特性

从絮凝体的密度,空隙率、絮凝体的粒径分布,絮凝体的强度以及絮凝体的分形维数五个方面综述了絮凝体的物理特性及结构特性,分析了影响絮凝体物理特性的因素。     

Challenges and R&D opportunities of smart distribution grids in China

In this paper, 5 investigations on the current states of power distribution grids in China have been introduced that cover the surveys of the practical distribution asset utilization, the simultaneity factor of feeder loading, the load compositions and characteristics, the urban reliability and the integration of distributed generations of renewable resources. Based on the survey results in the investigations, 12 Facts are clearly presented. It shows that the challenges to modernize the distribution grids in China are to improve the asset utilization rates, the electricity efficiencies and the reliability of distribution systems, as well as to integrate increasing amount of variable distributed renewable resources. Furthermore based on the challenges, 8 R&D opportunities have been identified.     

磨粉机轧辊失效机理及提高使用寿命的途径

本文探讨了磨辊的磨损失效机理。用扫描电镜分析磨粉机轧辊的磨面和磨屑,提供了疲劳脱落和不均匀磨损的证据。侧磨试样发现磨辊亚表层显微裂纹,珠光体抑制渗碳体中裂纹的扩展。 经变质处理,在硬度变化不大情况下提高铸铁冲击韧性。磨损试验表明,相对耐磨性随韧性提高而提高,硬度与相对耐磨性并非线性关系,硬度与韧性相匹配的材料具有良好的抗磨性,装机试验比原材料磨辊使用寿命提高30％。     

对皖北地区500kV输电线路耐雷性能的研究

根据安徽电网皖电东送通道8条500 kV线路的运行情况,结合皖北地区500 kV输电线路跳闸原因,分析输电线路设备耐雷状况,提出了综合防治措施,以便改进皖北地区500 kV线路的耐雷性能,提高其安全稳定运行水平。     

改进蚁群优化算法在配电网网架规划中的应用

从转移概率和信息素的动态更新机制两方面对传统蚁群算法进行了改进。转移概率设计中采用2个参数的联动控制,实现了Dorigo和Maniezzo的设想。信息素动态更新机制使信息素权重随迭代次数增加而改变,实现了对整个可行域的搜索全面而迅速,弥补了传统蚁群算法训练效率低下和易陷入局部极小的不足。配电网优化的结果表明该算法的有效性。     

抽水蓄能发电电动机电磁设计若干系数计算

本文在深入研究抽水蓄能发电电动机电磁设计若干系数计算原理基础上,建立了数值模型并对ALQUEVA水轮发电机,白莲河、宝泉和广州抽水蓄能发电电动机的相关系数进行了计算,为电机的准确设计提供了条件。文中还提出了在电机主要结构保持不变的情况下,通过调整阻尼条在极靴表面的分布来改善电压波形的方法,从而有效地拓宽了电机的可选槽数。此方法已应用于哈电发电电动机以及常规水轮发电机的设计中。