汽油饱和蒸气吸附用活性炭的制备

以煤为原料,KOH为活化剂制备活性炭。建立了静态吸附装置,并通过该装置研究了90#汽油在不同活性炭样品上的吸附性能。在制备过程中,考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸脱附性能的影响。研究发现,常温常压下活性炭对汽油饱和蒸气的吸附性能受多个参数的影响,其中BET比表面积影响最大,另外较大的孔、较宽的孔径分布,有利于脱附。同时得到最优的制备条件,碱炭比为5：1、活化温度800℃、活化时间1h。     

Effect of Ultrasound on SO2 Desorption from Sodium Alkali Desulphurization Regeneration Solution

The influence of an ultrasonic field on SO₂ desorption from sodium alkali desulfurization regeneration solution was studied in this work. The SO₂ desorption experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of ultrasound at 25 kHz. The results showed that the use of ultrasound could enhance the SO₂ desorption rate from the sodium alkali desulfurization regeneration solution. By analyzing the composition of regeneration solutions with different pH values, two steps for the desorption process were proposed, both with and without ultrasound conditions, i.e., the first step was the decomposition of sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃), and the second step was the decomposition of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Furthermore, the use of ultrasound was seen to promote the first step, while it was not seen to have a significant effect on the second step. It was also found that the decomposition of H₂SO₃ in the first step could be considered as a gas mass transfer process from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, K_L·a, increased on using ultrasound compared to the value in the absence of an ultrasonic field.     

A New Approach for Process Development of Plant‐Based Extraction Processes

Over the last few years the impact of products from natural sources in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, flavors/fragrances, and also the pharmaceutical industry has increased due to the consumer demand for nature‐derived products. Meeting this demand requires that existing manufacturing processes have to be optimized and process development for a variety of new products, sometimes with short life cycles, has to be accelerated. A scientific literature review covering equipment and modeling for plant‐based extractions shows an enormous demand for new approaches in process design for solvent extraction, isolation, and purification of ingredients from botanical sources and its transfer from academic research into manageable solutions for industrial use. An approach combining the design of experiments and rigorous process modeling on the one hand and an intensified collaboration between different disciplines including process engineering, botany, and analytical chemistry on the other hand seems to be the only way forward to address the current issues and shortcomings systematically and efficiently. Hence, a standard apparatus for the assessment of the governing process parameters for plant‐based extraction processes is proposed.     

聚丙烯螯合滤膜的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

通过时滤膜制备影响因素的研究,确定了最佳制膜工艺条件,用相转换法制备了对Cu2 具有较大螯合容量的螯合滤膜。研究了树脂颗粒粒径、树脂片厚度、Cu2 浓度、温度、盐溶液pH值和盐酸浓度对膜吸附量的影响,对Cu2 的最大吸附量可达810μg／cm2。对膜进行动态吸附测试表明聚丙烯螯合滤膜(PP／D061)对Cu2 能实现吸附与解吸同步进行。     

Methane desorption from a coal-bed

We study the desorption of methane from a coal-bed. A model taking into account both methane diffusion in coal - blocks and its filtration through the system of open pores and cracks is developed. Methane pressure in the coal-bed is found for an arbitrary instant of time. Dependency of the rate of methane release upon the block size, open and closed porosity, viscosity, solubility, bed pressure and temperature is established. We derive the effective coefficient of diffusion of methane in blocks containing closed pores filled with gaseous methane. It is shown that at a hindered diffusion methane is distinctly divided into the “quick” and the “slow” one.     

An integrated radiotracer approach for the laboratory evaluation of scale inhibitors performance in geological environments

The applicability of a newly developed radiotracer technique as a reliable laboratory procedure for the evaluation of scale inhibitors performance to prevent mineral precipitation is demonstrated. The performance of two new environmentally friendly inhibitors to prevent calcite and barite scale was evaluated experimentally in connection with a standard phosphonate-type scale inhibitor using the radioactive tracer technology. The radiotracers ⁴⁷Ca and ¹³¹Ba were employed in order to monitor at real-time calcite and barite scale formation, respectively. The results show that the developed radiotracer technique can be established as a novel method for the determination of the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) under dynamic, reservoir conditions. In addition, the radioactive tritiated water (HTO) was used as a reference water tracer to identify the inhibitors’ properties, such as adsorption/desorption characteristics, in sandpack-flooding tests. Further issues regarding the implementation of the radiotracer technology for the laboratory evaluation of scale inhibitors performance are also discussed.     

Inkbottle Pore-Method: Prediction of hygroscopic water content in hardened cement paste at variable climatic conditions

The aim of this work is the development of a practicable method for the reliable prediction of the equilibrium hygroscopic water content in hardened cement paste and cement mortars at changing climatic conditions. Sorption thermodynamics and multi-scale pore structure of hardened cement paste build the basis of the new computation procedure. Drying and chemical aging lead to a formation of inkbottle pores. Their influence on sorption behaviour will be considered in particular by including them into the pore model. Experimental data of adsorption, desorption and scanning-isotherms verify the new computation method, which has been called “IBP-Method” (inkbottle pores).     

广西某铝母液中镓钒铝的偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附与解吸试验

广西某铝土矿浸出循环母液中富含镓、钒,为给镓的分离、回收工艺研究提供依据,研究了偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附镓、钒、铝的规律和盐酸解吸的规律。结果表明:①偕胺肟螯合树脂对镓具有较高选择性,对铝的吸附率非常低;吸附温度对树脂吸附镓、铝的影响较小,对吸附钒影响较大,钒吸附率随温度升高而增大;树脂对镓的吸附速率比钒快很多;该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和颗粒扩散模型;镓的最优吸附条件为吸附温度25℃,吸附时间60 min。②在25℃情况下较低浓度的盐酸就能高效、快速解吸偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附的镓、铝,且受解吸温度的影响较小,钒难以解吸;提高盐酸浓度和解吸温度,盐酸对钒的解吸率明显上升;镓的最优解吸条件为盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L,解吸温度25℃,解吸时间5 min。③由于偕胺肟螯合树脂对铝土矿浸出循环母液中镓和钒的吸附率较高,且钒解吸困难,影响树脂的再生和循环利用。为了高效、低成本分离、回收镓,需在树脂吸附镓之前先采用氢氧化钠沉淀并回收原液中的钒,以尽量降低溶液的钒含量。     

Adsorption of 117mSn(Ⅳ)-EDTMP on hydroxyapatite and collagen

Some organic phosphines labeled with 117mSn(Ⅳ) have been provedpromising for imaging and pain palliation of bone tumor. In this paper, a prelimi-nary investigation on the adsorption characteristics of EDTMP (ethelenediaminete-tramethylene phosphoric acid) labeled with 117mSn(Ⅳ) on HA(hydroxyapatite) andcollagen, and an investigation on the adsorption mechanism of 117mSn(Ⅳ)-EDTMPon HA was presented.``     

预辐射聚丙烯纤维接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺及其对Fe(II)离子的吸附

采用预辐射接枝法,将N?异丙基丙烯酰胺(N-Isopropylacryamide,NIPAAm)接枝于聚丙烯纤维。研究了不同条件下接枝纤维对亚铁离子的吸附和解吸附情况。结果表明,在较低温度(5℃)及pH≈0条件下,接枝纤维对金属离子(Fe2 )具有良好的吸附性能;而在较高温度(50℃)下pH≈3时,被吸附的Fe2 几乎能被较完全解脱下来。