Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials

In this review, the progress made in the last ten years concerning the synthesis of porous carbon materials is summarized. Porous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different routes. Microporous activated carbons have been synthesized through the activation process. Ordered microporous carbon materials have been synthesized using zeolites as templates. Mesoporous carbons with a disordered pore structure have been synthesized using various methods, including catalytic activation using metal species, carbonization of polymer/polymer blends, carbonization of organic aerogels, and template synthesis using silica nanoparticles. Ordered mesoporous carbons with various pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM‐48, HMS, SBA‐15, MCF, and MSU‐X as templates. Ordered mesoporous carbons with graphitic pore walls have been synthesized using soft‐carbon sources that can be converted to highly ordered graphite at high temperature. Hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized using various designed silica templates. Some of these mesoporous carbon materials have successfully been used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for enzyme immobilization. Ordered macroporous carbon materials have been synthesized using colloidal crystals as templates. One‐dimensional carbon nanostructured materials have been fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template.     

Fabrication of Titanium Diboride-Cu Composite by Self-High Temperature Synthesis plus Quick Press

1. IntroductionTitanium diboride ceramic has some special proper-ties, such as high melting points, high hardness, highelectrical and thermal conductivity. These special prop-erties make it has a great potential to be used as contactmaterials. However, this application is still limited forpoor sinterability and brittle of TiB2[1~3]. To improve itssinterability and toughness, some metals were selected asadditives for liquid phase sintering of TiB2. Metals likeFe, Co and Ni were studied in m…     

Lanthanum-Promoted Ru／Sepiolite in Ammonia Synthesis

Theiron basedcatalystsforammoniasynthesishavethecommonproblemsoflowefficiency ,highconsumptionofenergy ,strictrequirementforequip ment,andlowoperationflexibility ,etc .,anditishardtoradicallylowerenergyconsumptionbysimplyimprovingiron basedcatalystsproper…     

燃烧合成TiB2-Cu-Ni金属陶瓷二次热压行为研究

采用燃烧合成技术制备了相对密度为90％左右的TiB2—40Cu-8Ni金属陶瓷复合材料。为进一步提高复合材料的力学性能，首先研究了TiB2—40Cu金属一陶瓷高温压缩弹塑性变形行为，证明了高陶瓷体积分数下金属陶瓷在高温环境中具有一定的塑性行为；然后分别在1200℃、1250℃、1300℃温度下对复合材料进行二次热压，详细研究了TiB2—40Cu-8Ni复合材料液一固两相区间的变形行为、组织特征及力学性能的变化。结果表明：经过二次热压后，材料的相对密度和抗弯强度有了较大幅度的提高，在1300℃时，材料的相对密度提高了5％，抗弯强度达到608MPa。复合材料中TiB2颗粒的形貌也发生了改变，大部分由原来的等轴状转变为长棒状，同时根据TiB2晶体结构特征，分析了复合材料中TiB2的生长机制。     

稀土固体超强酸Gd3+(Y3+)-SO42-/ZrO2催化、微波合成蔗糖脂肪酸酯

将稀土固体超强酸与微波辐射技术相结合研究蔗糖酯的合成，考察了微波辐射功率、反应时间、催化剂、乳化剂对反应的影响。结果表明，当辐射功率为390W、反应时问为20min时，稀土固体超强酸Gd^3＋（Y^3＋）-SO4^2-／ZrO2对合成蔗糖酯的催化活性优于常规催化剂无水碳酸钾。并且微波辐射使反应时间从传统减压加热4～8h缩短到常压反应20min。     

用SHS将核废物固定于类矿石

分析了钛酸锶(SrTiO3)的晶体结构和性能，利用自蔓延高温合成反应生成钛酸锶(SrTiO3)，使Sr^2 直接参与合成反应，从根本上解决了Sr^2 包容量的问题。通过多种现代分析技术研究了钛酸锶固化体的物理、化学性能。结果表明固化体样品密度高、孔隙率小、浸出率低且稳定性高，技术和经济上可行。表明自蔓延高温技术制备的钛酸锶是固化锶核素的理想固化体．     

Polyol method for the preparation of nanosized Gd2O3, boehmite and other oxides

A modified microwave-assisted polyol method was applied to prepare nanoparticulate ceramic powders of different oxides, i.e. Gd₂O₃, AlO(OH) (boehmite) and TiO₂. Due to the good dielectric properties of the utilised solvents, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and 1,4 butanediol, a significant decrease in reaction time was achieved under microwave heating. In the case of AlO(OH) and Gd₂O₃, <5 nm primary particle size were obtained. Boehmite was found to be intercalated with the solvent. The general applicability of the process is shown and the advantages in terms of properties and processibility are described. The powders thus prepared were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy and physisorption.     

Optical and morphological properties of chemically synthesized poly3-octylthiophene thin films

Poly3-octylthiophene (P3OT) was synthesized by direct oxidation of 3-octylthiophene using FeCl₃ as oxidant/catalyst. It was observed that the purity of FeCl₃ affected the molecular weight and polydisparity as well as the degree of regioregularity of the polymer, measured by size exclusion chromatography and by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. Optical absorption properties of the P3OT films were analyzed as a function of solution concentration, the type of the substrates and the mole percentage of the doping agent. Morphology study with atomic force microscopy indicates that the surface roughness and the cluster size of the polymeric films are influenced by the P3OT solution concentration and the percentage molarity of ferric chloride. FeCl₃ doped P3OT films show enlarged clusters compared with the pristine one due to the introduction of FeCl₃ molecules in the original P3OT chains, a phenomenon observed in electrochemically doped heterocyclic conducting polymers reported in the literature.     

Effect of annealing ambient on structure and ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 thin films on LaNiO3 coated Si substrates

Pb(Zr_0.4Ti_0.6)O₃ [PZT(40/60)] thin films were deposited onto LaNiO₃ (LNO) coated Si substrates by sol-gel technique. Three kinds of gases, air, O₂ and N₂, were used as the annealing ambient. The effect of the annealing ambient on their structure and ferroelectric properties was investigated. The results showed that both the films annealed in air and O₂ were the complete perovskite phase with (1 0 0) preferential orientation, while those annealed in N₂ were random orientation including some pyrochlore phases. As compared with the air ambient, either too much O₂ or too much N₂ was detrimental to the ferroelectric properties of PZT films. The difference in structure and ferroelectric properties was mainly associated with the intermediate phases and the concentration of domain pinning centers in the films.     

Blue-emitting cyanuric acid-melamine complexes from urea thermolysis

Novel blue-emitting cyanuric acid-melamine complexes CA_x·M_1−x (x = 0.8-0.9) have been prepared by a simple two-step procedure from urea. Relatively strong and pure blue-light emission with a maximum at 470 nm was observed from these complexes. These complexes are very promising light-emitting materials due to their good thermal stability.