Growth and formation mechanism of sea urchin-like ZnO nanostructures on Si

Sea urchin-like nanostructures of ZnO consisting of ZnO nanowires with blunt faceted ends were grown on Si (100) substrates by oxidation of metallic Zn at 600 °C. ZnO nanowires having a diameter of 30–60 nm and length of 2–4 Μm were in similar shape with uniform diameter along its entire length with well faceted blunt ends. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the as-grown nanostructures were highly crystalline with wurtzite hexagonal structure having lattice constants of a=b=3.25 å and c=5.21 å. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed a weak near band-edge emission at 380 nm, but a strong green emission at 500–530 nm. A model for vapor-solid (VS) growth mechanism of ZnO nanowires was presented, in which nucleation of ZnO is crucial for the growth of the nanostructures.     

PP/UHMWPE共混物力学性能的研究

采用不同结构的聚丙烯(PP)分别与不同流动性能的超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行共混，对共混物的力学性能进行了研究。发现PP和UHMWPE类型的适当匹配对共混物性能的提高非常重要。流动性较好的UHMWPE对熔体质量流动速率较小的嵌段共聚型PP(PPB)增韧增强效果突出，常温缺口冲击强度可达74．2kJ／m^2，断裂伸长率大于700％；同时共混物的强度和刚性也有一定程度的提高。在PPB／UHMWPE二元共混物中加入适当线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)，能够起到“减粘”和“增容”作用，有利于共混物性能，尤其是抗冲性能的进一步提高。     

PMMA的摩尔质量对其介电性能的影响

向塑料光纤纤芯材料纯PMMA中引入链转移剂正丁硫醇（n—BM）以控制摩尔质量。研究了正丁硫醇用量对PMMA介电性能（相对介电常数εr、介质损耗因素、松弛频率fr与体积电阻率ρv）的影响。结果表明，PMMA的介电性能几乎不受影响，同时还发现，PMMA的摩尔质量和摩尔质量分布的变化对其密度影响不大，说明塑料光纤在控制摩尔质量时可以兼顾力学性能与介电性能。     

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of advanced ceramics MoSi2–HfB2–MoB

This study focuses on the investigation of the macrokinetic features of SHS (combustion synthesis) of elemental mixtures Mo–Hf–Si–B, in particular the mechanisms of structure and phase formation in the combustion front as well as the structure and properties of consolidated ceramics. Two routes for the fabrication of the composite SHS powder in system MoSi₂–HfB₂–MoB were used: (1) synthesis using Mo–Si–B and Hf–B mixtures followed by mixing of the combustion products and (2) synthesis using the four-component Mo–Hf–Si–B mixture. Dense ceramic samples with a homogeneous structure and low residual porosity (0.8–3.6%) were prepared by hot pressing of SHS powders. Although the particles size distribution and phase composition of SHS powders are similar for both synthesis routes, the structure and properties of both the composite SHS powders and hot-pressed ceramics differ considerably. Synthesis using the four-component Mo–Hf–Si–B mixture allows one to produce hierarchically ordered nanocomposite material with improved mechanical properties: hardness up to 17.6?GPa and fracture toughness up to 7.16?MPa?m^1/2.     

模糊学在点火元件优选中的应用

评价了点火元件的综合性能。文中的点火元件优选工作是模糊概念应用在工程中的尝试。综合评价结果与实际相符合。     

复合胺改性尼龙6的动态流变性能研究

在己内酰胺水解聚合时加入一定量的复合受阻胺，合成出含有复合胺的改性尼龙6树脂，研究了复合胺对尼龙6熔体的动态流变性能的影响。实验表明：随着剪切频率的增加，尼龙6熔体的复数粘度减小、储能模量和损耗模量均增大；但由于复合胺的加入，在尼龙6大分子链上引入了空间位阻基团，复合胺改性尼龙6熔体的复数粘度、储能模量及损耗模量均比未改性样增大；改性前后尼龙6的损耗因子均随剪切频率的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势，在频率为18 rad／s的位置出现极大值——内耗峰，但改性尼龙6的峰值更大；改性前后尼龙熔体的lgG′～lgG″曲线均在对角线右下方，随复合胺的加入，曲线向右下方位移增大，熔体的粘性响应更明显。     

On the Performance of Ozone Generators Working with Dielectric Barrier Discharges

The parameters, which determine the performance of ozone generators, are efficiency and maximum ozone concentration. The efficiency from oxygen has been found to be nearly independent on the kind of barrier discharge arrangement (volume, surface, coplanar), while the ozone concentration saturation level depends on the specific design of the generator. These phenomena are explained with features of the discharge process and the properties of chemical reactions, respectively. The importance of a limit in the energy density of the discharge is highlighted.     

Large macro-dipoles generated in a supramolecular polymer of N,N′,N″-tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide in n-decane

A supramolecular polymer formed by N,N′,N″-tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (DO₃B) in n-decane (C₁₀) possesses large macro-dipoles naturally generated by three-fold inter-molecular hydrogen bonding aligned along its helical columnar structure connected by defective portions, which are DO₃B molecules containing failure in the hydrogen bond formation, in the order of head to tail arrangement without dipole inversion like type-A polymers.     

稻壳粉填充聚乙烯复合材料的研究

采用稻壳粉对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行改性，研究了稻壳粉用量对。HDPE力学性能、耐热性、流动性及硬度的影响，并观察了稻壳粉在HDPE中的分散状况。结果表明：复合材料的弯曲强度、硬度、维卡软化温度随稻壳粉用量的增加而增加，而加工流动性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度则随稻壳粉用量的增加而下降；稻壳粉在HDPE中的分散不均匀，用量较大时易出现聚集现象，两相间的粘接性变差。     

含氟聚合物的合成概述

概述了无定型含氟树脂、可熔性聚四氟乙烯（PFA）、热塑性氟塑料THV、聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）等含氟聚合物新品种的性能和合成方法。