Diagnostic considerations for optical laser-extinction measurements of soot in high-pressure transient combustion environments

Laser-extinction diagnostics can provide spatially and temporally resolved measurements of attenuation from combustion-generated soot within the path of the beam. When laser-extinction techniques are utilized in high-pressure combustion environments, however, a number of complications may be encountered that are not present in low-pressure environments. Several of these experimental difficulties were investigated in diesel engine environments, and solutions that facilitated acquisition of reliable laser-extinction data were demonstrated. Beam steering due to refractive index gradients within the combusting gases was observed, and a full-angle beam divergence of over 100 mrad was measured. A spatial-filtering scheme was employed to reduce the collection of forward-scattered light and background combustion luminosity while ensuring full collection of the steered beam. To further reject combustion luminosity, a narrow-bandpass laser-line filter was employed, after diffusing the transmitted light sufficiently to avoid the effects of significant spatial non-uniformities of the filter. As the windows were subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses, dynamic etaloning effects due to the photoelastic properties of synthetic fused silica were observed. Dynamic changes in the polarization of the exit beam were also observed, as stress-induced birefringence in the windows caused dynamic phase retardation of the transmitted beam. Although these photoelastic effects could not be eliminated, they were mitigated by introducing curvature to the wavefronts in the laser-extinction beam and using polarization-insensitive elements in the detection optics. Soot deposits on window surfaces were removed ablatively using a coaxial, high-energy, pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam.     

采用低温等离子体技术净化柴油机排气微粒

本文对当前柴油机排气微粒后处理技术进行了分析，总结了低温等离子体技术在柴油机排气微粒后处理领域的应用情况，介绍了国内外的一些主要研究成果，并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

我国中小功率柴油机失效初探

按照产品可靠性的定义论述了柴油机的失效模式。通过对２０７台不同用途的中小功率柴油机模拟其实际使用运转状况，进行可靠性考察试验的实际故障状况统计分析。按照故障对柴油机工作的危害程度，柴油机故障发生的不同部位和故障发生时间等几个方面分析失效机理。此外，还阐述了在柴油机可靠性工作中急需解决的重点问题。     

小功率风冷柴油机的技术现状

作者回顾了浙江大学小功率内燃机研究室２０多年来研究的历程。文中将讨论在研究过程中所遇到的主要技术和理论问题，如风冷柴油机设计的指导思想，结构强度分析，热传导与热负荷等。从中，可大致看到我国小功率风冷柴油机领域的进展和研究技术现状。     

连杆形状优化设计的灵敏度分析

首先讨论了结构形状灵敏度分析的边界元摄动法，然后对柴油机连杆进行了灵敏度分析，得到了一些重要结论，为改进连杆设计提供了依据。     

轴针式喷油嘴喷雾初期发展数学模型的研究

本文通过高速摄影及激光全息摄影研究了轴针式喷油嘴的喷雾发展，指出了在其发展初期可能出现的喷雾轴线偏转等一些不同于孔式喷油嘴喷雾的流动特点。在此实验研究的基础上，根据紊流射流积分方法建立了轴针式喷油嘴喷雾初期发展的数学模型。应用该模型对一普通形喷油嘴及柴油机用ＺＳ４５Ｓ２轴针式喷油嘴喷雾的发展进行了算例分析，计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

6135柴油机机体结构有限元分析

本文采用有限元法，对６１３５柴油机机体进行了静力分析和模态分析，并将有限元计算结 果与该机体的静态刚度测试和模态测试的数据分别进行了对比，验证了有限元分析结果的可信 度，分析结论为提高６１３５机体的刚度和减振提供了改进依据．     

DTBP对甲醇/生物柴油燃烧排放的影响

在186FA柴油机上,以甲醇/生物柴油(BM15)为基础燃料,分别添加不同质量比例的十六烷值改进剂二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP),分析了DTBP改进剂对甲醇/生物柴油燃料特性的影响,以及DTBP添加比例对混合燃料燃烧和排放过程的影响.研究结果表明,BM15添加0.25%、0.50%、0.75%的DTBP,柴油机的输出功率分别比燃用BM15时升高了2.28%、4.21%和6.32%;比能耗分别降低了11.6%、20.6%、23.3%;添加DTBP可以改善混合燃料的着火性,随着DTBP添加比例的提高,混合燃料的滞燃期缩短,与燃用BM15相比,柴油机的NO_x、CO和HC排放均有所降低,排气烟度有所升高.     

Anomaly detection in particulate matter sensor using hypothesis pruning generative adversarial network

The World Health Organization provides guidelines for managing the particulate matter (PM) level because a higher PM level represents a threat to human health. To manage the PM level, a procedure for measuring the PM value is first needed. We use a PM sensor that collects the PM level by laser-based light scattering (LLS) method because it is more cost effective than a beta attenuation monitor-based sensor or tapered element oscillating microbalance-based sensor. However, an LLS-based sensor has a higher probability of malfunctioning than the higher cost sensors. In this paper, we regard the overall malfunctioning, including strange value collection or missing collection data as anomalies, and we aim to detect anomalies for the maintenance of PM measuring sensors. We propose a novel architecture for solving the above aim that we call the hypothesis pruning generative adversarial network (HP-GAN). Through comparative experiments, we achieve AUROC and AUPRC values of 0.948 and 0.967, respectively, in the detection of anomalies in LLS-based PM measuring sensors. We conclude that our HP-GAN is a cutting-edge model for anomaly detection.