Dietary effects on growth,liver peroxides,and serum and lipoprotein lipids in rats fed a thermoxidised and polymerised sunflower oil

The effect on food intake, weight gain, liver lipid peroxides, lipemia and lipoprotein composition was determined in rats fed a diet with 15% sunflower oil used repeatedly for frying and containing ∽19% polar material (group 2). These dietary effects were compared over a 4 week study period with those found in rats fed a control diet that contained 15% unused sunflower oil with ∽5% polar material (group 1). Both groups had similar food and nutrient intakes (except for linoleic acid, significantly lower (P<0·01) in group 2), yet the final weight gain and food efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were significantly lower in group 2. As a consequence of thermoxidised oil ingestion, liver homogenates from group 2 presented higher (P<0·02) levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) Liver TBARS levels were significantly correlated (P<0·01) with the amount of thermoxidised substances ingested. No treatment effect was found on VLDL lipid composition. However, the LDL fraction of group 2 animals appears enriched (P<0·05) in total and free cholesterol. In group 2 rats, phospholipids, and total and esterified cholesterol were significantly increased (P<0·05) in HDL. As a consequence of the changes in the lipoprotein composition, the amount of all forms of serum cholesterol, and serum phospholipids was significantly higher (at least P<0·05) while the amount of serum triacylglycerols remained unchanged in rats fed the used oil. HDL-phospholipids were significantly correlated (P<0·02) with the amount of thermoxidised compounds ingested. The increase in serum cholesterol and phospholipids, and in HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipid concentration seens in group 2 rats may be a protective mechanism against the peroxidative stress produced by the ingestion of used sunflower oil. © 1998 SCI.     

高胆固醇膳食对兔动脉组织及其一氧化氮合成的影响

为研究高脂高胆固醇膳食对动脉壁内皮一氧化氮（ＮＯ）合成的影响，以高脂高胆固醇饲料喂饲雄性纯种新西兰兔８周后，通过定量逆转录多聚酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ），观察高脂高胆固醇膳食对动脉组织一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）基因表达影响。结果表明：高脂高胆固醇膳食８周后，内皮型（ＮＯＳ）ｍＲＮＡ表达下降、总ＮＯＳ活力减弱、血浆一氧化氮代谢产物（ＮＯＰ）水平降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；内皮素（ＥＴ）水平上升。结果提示：高脂高胆固醇膳食引起高脂血症，可损害动脉内皮，降低ＮＯＳ的基因表达，抑制ＮＯ的合成     

芦荟汁液浓缩干品(90 d)亚慢性毒性研究

为观察芦荟汁液浓缩干品的亚慢性毒性,选用健康断乳SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组,每组24只,雌雄各半,分别灌喂给予芦荟汁液浓缩干品0、1.65、3.3、6.6 g/kg BW,连续90 d.结果表明,芦荟汁液浓缩干品使大鼠排便量增加,粪便松软;雄性3个剂量组大鼠体重增长明显缓慢(P<0.05)、食物利用率降低(P<0.01),雌性体重无明显影响,3.3、6.6 g/kg BW剂量组食物利用率下降(P<0.05);血液学指标,肝、肾功能,血糖、血脂等生化指标无明显影响;尿NAG、ALP酶活性显著升高(P<0.01).病理检查,芦荟汁液浓缩干品引起肾小管上皮、肠系膜淋巴结、结肠粘膜固有层色素沉积,肾通透性增强.6.6 g/kg BW剂量组出现1例肾母细胞瘤,1.65 g/kg BW剂量组出现1例肾非典型增生,肝、脾、睾丸(或卵巢)等脏器未见有意义的病理损伤.本实验条件下,芦荟汁液浓缩干品有作用剂量为1.65 g/kg BW(芦荟甙330 mg/kg BW).     

分光光度法测定保健食品中总黄酮的含量

为建立一种检测保健食品中总黄酮含量的快速分析方法，以活性成分芦丁为标准品，在其紫外最大吸收峰415nm处测定其总黄酮的含量。方法的最低检测浓度为0．1μg/mL，芦丁标准品在1．0～25．0μg/mL范围内具有良好线性关系。平均加样回收率为97．62％，相对标准偏差为1．85％。该方法简便，重现性好，可作为检测保健食品中总黄酮含量方法之一。     

香菇膳食纤维的研究（Ⅰ）──纤维的分离与结构鉴定

选用５种溶剂并结合柱层析的提纯，将香菇柄中提取出的纯净膳食纤维（细胞壁物质）分级成８种多糖或复合多糖组分。通过酸水解、甲基化和Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解等分析方法，借助于气相色谱和红外光谱等近代分析仪器，对上述各组分的化学本质作了剖析，建立了结构模型，结果表明它们大多是β－葡聚糖或由β－葡聚糖与葡糖醛酸木糖甘露聚糖组成的复合多糖。     

以淀粉为原料制造难消化糊精

本文介绍了以淀粉为原料制造难消化糊精的工艺过程。并对产品组成成分的影响因素一一作了阐述。     

Partial extraction method for the rapid analysis of total lipids and γ-oryzanol contents in rice bran

Total lipids and γ-oryzanol in rice bran were determined by a partial extraction method. The results agreed well with the conventional total extraction methods. The proposed method uses fewer hazardous organic solvents, takes a shorter extraction time and requires no special extraction apparatus. Total lipids and γ-oryzanol in nine rice bran varieties were analysed by the developed technique. Daw Dum 5647 had the highest total lipids and γ-oryzanol while the lowest content was found in KD XBT 313-19-1-1 and SP XBT 43-7, respectively. The adsorption coefficient (K_d) of the lipids and γ-oryzanol, between hexane and bran, at 30 °C are between 1.16 and 2.00 and 2.02 and 2.65, respectively (depending on the moisture content of the bran). From the K_d values, it was estimated that about 92–95% of the lipids and 95–96% of the γ-oryzanol were extracted into hexane at a 10:1 (v/w) ratio of hexane to bran. The effect of solvents on the extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran was also studied. It was found that isopropanol was the most suitable solvent for extraction and determination of γ-oryzanol in rice bran. It showed better agreement with the total extraction method.     

Soybean seeds and its by-product okara as sources of dietary fibre. Measurement by AOAC and Englyst methods

The composition of soybean seeds and its by-product okara has been studied in this work. Dietary fibre was analysed by Englyst et al. method, by enzymatic–gravimetric methods of AOAC and by the quantification of the monomers obtained from the AOAC residues after acid hydrolysis (AOAC plus hydrolysis). Total dietary fibre by the enzymatic–gravimetric methods of AOAC in okara (55.48 g/100 g dry matter) is more than twice that of soybean seeds (24.37 g/100 g dry matter). The proportion IF/SF is 11 in okara and 6 in soybean seeds. Dietary fibre results from enzymatic–gravimetric AOAC methods are higher in okara and soybean seed samples than those from the Englyst method (okara: 41.14 g/100 g dry matter; soybean seeds: 15.05 g/100 g dry matter), and AOAC plus hydrolysis (okara: 44.91 g/100 g dry matter; soybean seeds: 16.38 g/100 g dry matter). In the case of the insoluble fibre from both samples, AOAC plus hydrolysis gives significantly (p < 0.001) higher values than the Englyst method, whilst for soluble fibre the opposite occurs (p < 0.001). The main monomers in soybean seeds and okara fibre are glucose, galactose, uronic acids, arabinose and xylose. The proportion of each monomer is similar in soybean seeds and okara, so the healthy properties of soybean seeds fibre are also claimed for okara.     

Identification and characterization of surface lipid components of the dried-bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The dried-bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus is a major post-harvest pest, which can cause up to 30% losses from dry-stored beans. For the use of microbial agents for biocontrol of A. obtectus, it is of importance to identify cuticular lipids of this pest, if we are to understand the factors responsible for preferential adhesion or selective repulsion of entomopathogenic fungi that are potentially useful for biocontrol.The cuticular lipids of adult A. obtectus of both sexes were found to consist of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, methyl- and ethyl-esters of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, alcohols and sterols. All the fatty acids identified in this study were found in both ether extracts and dichloromethane extracts. The dominant fraction of all the lipids isolated from this species consisted of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2 and C_18:3 compounds. Males and females contained similar amounts of hexadecanoic acid, but there was a significant difference between the total amounts of C_18:0, C_18:1 and C_18:2 acids in the two groups. We have also successfully identified one of the sesquiterpenes present in the cuticle as α-farnesene.     

单扫示波极谱法测定保健食品中总黄酮的研究

为测定保健食品中的总黄酮含量 ,探讨用单扫示波极谱法测定总黄酮的快速方法 ,研究发现在pH8 6Na2 HPO4 KH2 PO4底液中 ,峰电位Ep— 0 74V(vs·SCE)处黄酮化合物产生灵敏的极谱还原波 ,以芦丁作对照品 ,该波的二阶导数峰电流 (ip)与芦丁浓度在 0 0 5～ 1 0mg L范围内呈良好的直线关系 ,检出限为 0 0 2mg L。本法操作简便、快速、准确。用于保健食品中总黄酮含量的测定 ,结果令人满意。