HEAT TRANSFER IN PARTIALLY MISCIBLE TERNARY SYSTEMS

In the study of mass transfer between partially miscible liquids, temperature perturbations have been found to have an important effect in the generation of interfacial activity. Micro- and macro-generated interfacial convection usually occurs in combination with one another even in fairly simple heat or mass transfer events. These combinations are responsible for the enhancement of mass transfer rates. In an effort to acquire a better understanding of the heat transfer effects in ternary liquid-liquid systems, temperature difference profiles were measured when contacting two partially miscible phases. A vertical and a rotational transfer cell were designed to contact the partially miscible phases without inducing external disturbances. Five thermocouples were immersed in the bottom liquid phase at predetermined positions below the interface. In order to understand the influence of the convection generated, the vertical cell was designed to hinder convection in one phase, while the rotational cell permits convection in both phases. The experimental results showed larger temperature differences in the rotational cell after the contact of the phases. Also, systems which were initially unsaturated presented larger heat effects than those in which the partially miscible solvents were initially saturated. Several parameters indicating the importance of heat effects in the ternary systems studied are reported.     

几种血卟啉3,8—烷氧（硫）基衍生物产生单重态氧能力的研究

在“血卟啉衍生物”(HPD)肿瘤光动力疗法取得令人瞩目成就的同时,化学家们证明了临床使用的HPD制剂并非原意义上的血卟啉衍生物,而是一种复杂的卟啉混合物,其中血卟啉(HP),羟乙基-乙烯基-次卟啉(HVD),原卟啉(PP)约占总量的80％,Dougherty等分离得到其余20％未知结构羧基卟啉,认为此为HPD的有效成分,经进一步分析测定其主要成分是二血卟啉醚(DHE)。但最近的工作又表明,全合成得到的DHE与HPD有效成分的化学组成及生物活性亦不相同。显然这类药物组分复杂、结构的不确定限制了肿瘤光动力疗法的进一步发展。近年来,人们正试图从已知结构的化合物中探索新的光敏药物,作者在合成出一系列结构确定的单一组分血卟啉     

Aplysia sea hare assimilation of secondary metabolites from brown seaweed,Stypopodium zonale

JuvenileAplysia dactylomela were found feeding in abundance on the tropical brown algaStypopodium zonale, a seaweed previously shown to contain numerous unique terpene-quinone natural products. Lipid extracts of these herbivorous mollusks were shown by TLC and HPLC-NMR analyses to contain appreciable quantities of twoS. zonale metabolites as well as one new but closely related compound. Spectroscopic analyses of the new compound in concert with functional group modifications identified this new compound as 3-keto epitaondiol. A careful analysis of the seaweed extract failed to locate this ketone, and thus, it most likely represents anAplysia-biotransformed compound. This is the first clear reported observation of metabolite transfer between an alga of the phylum Phaeophyta and a sea hare.     

PET熔体输送系统中熔体温度自动控制方案

在热媒温度控制系统中以熔体温度作为主参数,组成串极调节系统。投入运行后,熔体温度稳定,调节阀动作平稳,效果良好。     

Packed-microtubes model for flowthrough chromatography of protein

A mathematical model for flowthrough (perfusion) chromatography, namely packed-microtubes (PMT) model, has been proposed for a column packed with biporous (BiP) anion exchanger in which the mesopores and flowthrough pores are created with liquid and solid porogens, respectively. The model is established based on the assumption that the BiP particle is made up of packed microtubes. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as a model protein and three kinds of anion exchangers (i.e., mesoporous, macroporous and BiP resins) are used as adsorbents to determine the model parameters and to evaluate the model. Adsorption equilibrium and finite bath experiments are performed to determine the adsorption isotherms and kinetics parameters. Both the bound amounts of the protein on the surface of the mesopores and macropores are experimentally determined and taken into account in the mathematical model. With all the model parameters determined by independent experiments or calculated from available correlations, model simulations are performed and compared with the experimentally determined breakthrough profiles of the BiP column. It is found that the model predictions agree reasonably well with the experimental data obtained under various conditions and the PMT model fit experimental data better than the modified double linear driving force (LLDF) model proposed by Leitão and Rodriogues (1999. Biochemical Engineering Journal 3, 131) in which the adsorbent particle is considered to be made up of packed microparticles. The results indicate that the PMT model is more reasonable for this kind of BiP adsorbent.     

Chemistry of hydrogen sulphide under coal liquefaction conditions: 1. Modelling hydrogen transfer catalysis

The work reported here represents initial attempts to develop a complete kinetic and mechanistic understanding of the reaction chemistry of H₂S under coal liquefaction conditions, using both model systems and coal. Hydrogen sulphide was found to promote/catalyse the transfer of hydrogen from tetralin to 2-hydroxyquinoline (2-HOQ). The presence of H₂S can increase the rate of hydrogen transfer from tetralin to 2-HOQ by a factor of 10 compared with the same reaction run in the absence of H₂S. The energy of activation for hydrogen transfer was found to decrease by ≈5 kcal mol⁻¹ in the presence of H₂S. The presence of H₂S was also found to promote loss of oxygen from 2-HOQ to form small amounts of quinoline. No evidence of CC or CN bond cleavage in 2-HOQ was noted under any of the reaction conditions studied. These results suggest that the presence of H₂S reduces the temperatures necessary to promote effective hydrogen transfer from tetralin by 50–75 °C. Moreover, they imply that similar effects occur in H₂S-promoted coal liquefaction.     

气化炉复合炉衬的传热计算

新型 (多喷嘴对置 )水煤浆气化炉拟采用水冷管和耐火浇铸料组成的复合炉衬结构 .炉内的高温高压对复合炉衬的高温侵蚀十分严重 ,是影响其寿命的重要因素 ,因此合理设计气化炉复合炉衬的结构对充分发挥其材质的作用具有十分重要的意义 .建立了气化炉复合炉衬的传热计算的数学模型 ,同时编制了模型求解的计算程序 ,并用某工艺条件对复合炉衬的温度分布进行了计算 .结果表明 ,该方法可有效计算出复合炉衬的温度分布情况 ,为复合炉衬的设计、运行和维护提供理论依据     

相转移催化法合成多聚乙二醇二环氧甘油醚

以多聚乙二醇和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了多聚乙二醇二环氧甘油醚。NaOH为催化剂,季铵盐为相转移催化剂。结论为:作为催化剂NaOH固体效果优于NaOH溶液;四正丁基硫酸氢铵(TBAS)催化醚化反应效果最佳,GC监测表明,二醚的选择性达98％以上;n(多聚乙二醇):n(环氧氯丙烷):n(NaOH):n(TBAS)= 1:10:7:0．08;反应温度55-60℃;反应时间1．5 h;产率83％。     

THE ROLE OF INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA IN A LIQUID-LIQUID REACTION SYSTEM: EXTRACTION OF PROPANOIC ACID BY TRIOCTYLAMINE

The kinetics of extraction of propanoic acid from water to isobulanol by reaction with trioctylamine have been investigated. Mass transfer was modelled by extending the approach used in absorption with chemical reaction, as it is usually done for liquid-liquid reactions. The presence of the amine, however, gave rise to phenomena that cause this method to fail, producing inconsistent results. In order to explain these data, the presence of relevant interfacial phenomena must be supposed.