Direct laser fabrication of thin-walled metal parts under open-loop control

Direct laser fabrication (DLF) is an advanced manufacturing technology, which can build full density metal parts directly from CAD files without using any modules or tools. The investigation on the fabrication of thin-walled parts of nickel alloy using open-loop DLF process is introduced in this paper. The experimental setup consisted of a CO₂ laser, a 3-axis CNC table, a coaxial powder nozzle and a powder recycler. The 3D-CAD file of a thin-walled metal part was converted into the STL file format and imported into software HUST-RP to generate ‘pseudo-random’ scanning paths of laser beam. The influence of process parameters on the build height of thin-walled metal parts was studied by 1–10 layered single-bead stacks of nickel alloy. The result shows that the interference factors which affect the build height of thin-walled metal parts occur randomly during the process. For open-loop DLF process, thin-walled metal parts can achieve much better shape quality if the process parameters are suitable. Multilayer single-bead walls were built up with different scanning velocity to obtain the optimal process parameters of thin-walled parts of nickel alloy. It shows that thin walls of nickel alloy with uniform height can be built up layer by layer in a certain range of specific energy. However, it is difficult to control the build height of complex thin-walled metal parts in an accurate manner just using optimal parameters. A special coaxial powder nozzle was designed in this paper. In a certain range, the deposition thickness of the nozzle is nearly linearly increased with increase in the standoff distance between the powder focusing point of the nozzle and the deposition substrate. By means of the nozzle, a novel method to control the build height of thin-walled metal parts using open-loop DLF process was introduced. The difference in build height of a thin-walled part can be compensated automatically in one or several layers during the process. It is proved that the build height of a thin-walled metal part can be accurately controlled in theory using the nozzle. A complex single-bead part of nickel alloy whose geometry was designed to be the well-known Chinese ‘FU’ was fabricated and explained in this paper. The result shows that the shape quality of the sample is quite good, and actual build height of the sample is 53.54 mm while the designed value is 54 mm.     

Application of auger electron spectroscopy and inert metal marker techniques to determine metal and oxygen transport in oxide films on metals

Auger electron spectroscopy in combination with depth profiling by Ar ion sputtering was employed as a surface analytical technique to determine the positions of thin (3–5 nm) inert Pd markers during growth of oxide films on Al, Ni, and -NiAl. Alumina films 35 and 120 nm thick formed on Al and -NiAl, respectively, grew by inward diffusion of oxygen. Metal migration accounted predominantly for the growth of a NiO film 150 nm thick on the (111) crystal face of Ni. However, an assessment could not be made with respect to oxygen diffusion, if any, in this film due to the limitations imposed on precise depth profiling of the marker position caused by uneven sputtering of the oxide and metal phases.     

薄膜厚度对HfO2薄膜残余应力的影响

HfO2薄膜是用电子束蒸发方法制备的，利用ZYGO干涉仪测量了基片镀膜前后曲率半径的变化，计算了薄膜应力。对样品进行了XRD测试，讨论了膜厚对薄膜残余应力的影响。结果发现不同厚度HfO2薄膜的残余应力均为张应力，应力值随薄膜厚度的增加而减小，当薄膜厚度达到一定值后，应力值趋于稳定。从微观结构变化对实验结果进行了分析，发现微结构演变引起的本征应力变化是引起薄膜残余应力改变的主要因素。     

钢管斜轧延伸时辊型对附加变形的影响

用电子束标迹法研究了钢管斜轧延伸时辊型对附加变形的影响，研究表明，锥形辊与鼓形辊相比，可使附加变形显著减少。     

Fe-Cr-Mn奥氏体合金的辐照体胀与诱起晶界偏析行为的研究SCIEI

本文采用电子束辐照,研究了Fe-15Cr-xMn合金以及添加W,V合金的孔洞体胀和诱起晶界偏析行为,并对包含晶界在内的辐照区进行成分分析。结果表明,在Fe-Cr-Mn系合金中孔洞体胀孕育期可以被强烈抑制,晶界偏析也减少。特别是,合金中添加W,V效果更加明显。用Mn代替Ni,通常要发生体胀和相的不稳定性,由于反Kirkendall效应导致Ni和Mn的扩散行为不同,使Fe富集在尾闾处,局部地区形成铁素体,有利于减少体胀和晶界偏析。     

快速直接还原法生产金属化球团工艺的探讨

研究开发了冷固结含碳铁矿球团的还原工艺，它与环形转底炉相结合，形成快速直接还原新工艺，生产金属此球团，具有一系列优点，如：设备简单，生产效率高、能耗低等等。     

Ag—Cu纳米合金的微观结构

利用高分辨电镜（ＨＲＥＭ）对气相凝聚法制备的Ａｇ１－ｘＣｕｘ（０．０５≤ｘ≤０．４０）纳米合金样品中的微观结构进行了研究．结果表明，在所有合金样品中，都没有观察到明显的界面亚稳相的形成，且晶界具有有序的原子结构样品中两组元的等轴纳米晶粒分布均匀，但随着Ｃｕ含量的增加，Ｃｕ颗粒出现明显的偏聚和粗化；与稳定相相比，富Ａｇ和富Ｃｕ相的点阵常数没有发生显著的变化．     

脉冲GMAW熔滴过渡动态过程的解析模型

在脉冲GMAW过程中，电流的突然转变会引起熔滴在焊丝末端的明显振荡，合理的利用向下振荡的动量可控制熔滴过渡。该文基于熔滴受力分析，建立了脉冲GMAW熔滴过渡的解析模型，并对熔滴的振荡和脱离过程进行分析，定量计算焊接工艺参数对熔滴过渡过程动态行为的影响，可用于指导脉冲GMAW主动控制模式下一脉一滴过渡工艺参数的优化设计。     

南水北调中线石渠段渠坡衬砌滑模施工工艺

为更好地完成南水北调中线元氏1标石渠段的渠坡衬砌,采用了滑膜施工工艺进行施工,加强和改善了石渠段边坡的整体稳定性和强度,进而保证了石渠段衬砌混凝土的质量,也为类似工程提供了借鉴。