Electric power generation based on variable speed wind turbine under load disturbance

This study was interested in the management of an energy production unit. A variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) was used as a principal source and a supercapacitor (SC) module was used as an energy storage system. Both were connected through a direct current bus. This unit was supplying a three-phase load using an inverter and an inductor and capacitor filter. In order to regulate the direct current bus voltage, the SC storage state was controlled by using a buck-boost converter according to load instructions and wind speed fluctuations. Then, a resonant controller was established to avoid any disturbances and to control the alternating line-to-line voltages of the load which may be unbalanced. This study has shown that the stability of the three-phase voltage source depends on the direct current bus power management and also on the line-to-line voltage control. Simulation results are presented to validate the efficiency of the control strategies used.     

Assessment of a stand-alone gradual capacity reverse osmosis desalination plant to adapt to wind power availability: A case study

Desalination driven by renewable energies is an interesting technology in isolated coastal areas. Its feasibility and reliability are guaranteed by innumerable designs implemented and experiences carried out, mainly focused on small capacity systems. However, only mature and efficient technologies are suitable for medium or large scale desalination. In the case of seawater desalination, wind-powered reverse osmosis is the most efficient, mature and cost-effective technology. This paper assesses the most suitable design for seawater reverse osmosis desalination driven by off-grid wind energy systems. A high innovative design based on gradual capacity with nominal production of 1000 m³/d is compared to a conventional fixed capacity desalination plant. Due to the intermittent wind resource, the gradual capacity desalination plant is able to fit the available energy and maximize the annual water production.     

Sm0.2(Ce1−xTix)0.8O1.9 modified Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode for direct methane fuel cell

Sm_0.2(Ce_1−xTi_x)_0.8O_1.9 (SCTx, x = 0-0.29) modified Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been fabricated and evaluated as anode in solid oxide fuel cells for direct utilization of methane fuel. It has been found that both the amount of Ti-doping and the SCTx loading level in the anode have substantial effect on the electrochemical activity for methane oxidation. Optimal anode performance for methane oxidation has been obtained for Sm_0.2(Ce_0.83Ti_0.17)_0.8O_1.9 (SCT0.17) modified Ni-YSZ anode with SCT0.17 loading of about 241 mg cm⁻² resulted from four repeated impregnation cycles. When operating on humidified methane as fuel and ambient air as oxidant at 700 °C, single cells with the configuration of SCT0.17 modified Ni-YSZ anode, YSZ electrolyte and La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O₃-Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 (LSCF-SDC) composite cathode show the polarization cell resistance of 0.63 Ω cm² under open circuit conditions and produce a peak power density of 383 mW cm⁻². It has been revealed that the coated Ti-doped SDC on Ni-YSZ anode not only effectively prevents the methane fuel from directly impacting on the Ni particles, but also enhances the kinetics of methane oxidation due to an improved oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and redox equilibrium of the anode surface, resulting in significant enhancement of the SCTx modified Ni-YSZ anode for direct methane oxidation.     

A high performance direct borohydride fuel cell employing cross-linked chitosan membrane

A cross-linked chitosan (CCS) membrane has been prepared by a solution casting method using sulfuric acid as cross-linking agent. The CCS membrane was used as the polymer electrolyte and separator in a direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC). Ionic conductivity and borohydride crossover rate have been measured for the CCS membrane. The DBFC used in this study employed nickel-based composite as anode catalyst and Nafion^® as anode binder. The power performance of the CCS membrane-based DBFC was compared with a similar DBFC employing Nafion^® 212 (N212) membrane as electrolyte /separator. The CCS membrane-based DBFC exhibited better power performance as compared to N212 membrane-based DBFC. Encouraged by this result, chitosan chemical hydrogel (CCH) was prepared and used as binder for anode catalysts. A DBFC comprising CCS membrane and CCH as anode binder was studied and found to exhibit even better power performance at all temperatures in this study. A maximum peak power density of 450 mW cm⁻² was observed at 60 ?C for DBFC employing CCS membrane and CCH binder-based anode. The chitosan-based DBFC was operated continuously for 100 h and its performance stability was recorded.     

On the proton conductivity of Nafion-Faujasite composite membranes for low temperature direct methanol fuel cells

Although zeolites are introduced to decrease methanol crossover of Nafion membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), little is known about the effect of their intrinsic properties and the interaction with the ionomer. In this work, Nafion-Faujasite composite membranes prepared by solution casting were characterized by extensive physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. Faujasite was found to undergo severe dealumination during the membrane activation, but its structure remained intact. The zeolite interacts with Nafion probably through hydrogen bonding between Si-OH and SO₃H groups, which combined with the increase of the water uptake and the water mobility, and the addition of a less conductive phase (the zeolite) leads to an optimum proton conductivity between 0.98 and 2 wt% of zeolite. Hot pressing the membranes before their assembling with the electrodes enhanced the DMFC performance by reducing the methanol crossover and the serial resistance.     

全膜法工艺制备锅炉补给水存在的问题及解决

"超滤+反渗透+EDI"的全膜法工艺应用了最新的膜分离技术来制备锅炉补给水,超滤良好的产水水质能够给反渗透膜提供最佳的保护,而替代传统混床的电除盐(EDI)技术则彻底消除了酸碱的使用和废水排放。但因各地水源不同,该系统在运行过程中也存在一定的缺陷,应根据各地水源的不同作相应的改造,经改造后的系统在热电厂的实际运行结果表明,系统运行可靠,管理方便,产水水质完全能够满足锅炉用水要求。     

纳滤膜在北京阿苏卫填埋场渗滤液改扩建工程中的应用

在阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液改扩建工程中,以膜生物反应器(MBR)的出水为研究对象,考察了在一定的pH、进水流量、操作压力下纳滤膜对CODcr、NH3-N和电导率的去除情况.结果表明:在设备初期运行阶段,在pH为7、操作压力为0.5 MPa时,纳滤膜对CODcr的去除率达75%;对NH3-N的去除率较低,出水的NH3-N值略低于进水;对电导率的平均去除率达55%.此外,还分析了纳滤膜的运行性能以及与原有反渗透处理工艺联合使用等问题.     

铜材加工中废乳液处理工艺技术研究

针对铜材加工中难处理的废乳液,利用正交实验优化了破乳条件,设计了破乳—膜浓缩—过滤—活性炭吸附和破乳—膜浓缩—过滤—微滤—反渗透两套工艺,分别检测了两套工艺实验室以及实际工业应用中的排出液指标.结果表明,排出液的各项指标均达到国家规定的废水排放标准.     

基于GPU的工业CT三维图像任意断面剖切算法

研究工业CT三维图像的内部信息是无损检测的重要途径。为了实时观察三维图像的任意断面,获取数据信息,提出一种基于GPU的体绘制任意断面剖切算法。该算法基于图形处理器（GPU）单指令多数据流（SIMD）计算方式,通过并行计算内积的方法确定体素与切面的位置关系。当体素位于切面外侧时,则将体素设置为完全透明,使其对显示图像没有贡献,实现了任意断面剖切。还可以实现多断面剖切和结合传输函数的剖切。试验证明,该算法达到交互速度,能够应用于工业无损检测过程中。     

一种频率可重构微带天线的快速优化设计方法

该文针对目前频率可重构微带天线的优化设计常依赖于反复实验的现状,提出了一种快速有效的频率可重构微带天线优化设计方法,该方法将新型量子遗传算法与通用的空域矩量法结合,在计算阻抗矩阵时利用了直接矩阵操作技术,大大节约了计算时间。利用该方法,优化出一副可工作在十个甚至更多的窄频段的变频圆柱共形可重构微带天线,优化结果与相关软件结果的比较显示了该文方法的正确性及高效性。