全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21830篇 |
免费 | 1850篇 |
国内免费 | 983篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1208篇 |
综合类 | 2416篇 |
化学工业 | 1870篇 |
金属工艺 | 2152篇 |
机械仪表 | 4172篇 |
建筑科学 | 2847篇 |
矿业工程 | 939篇 |
能源动力 | 393篇 |
轻工业 | 766篇 |
水利工程 | 590篇 |
石油天然气 | 715篇 |
武器工业 | 318篇 |
无线电 | 930篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2881篇 |
冶金工业 | 801篇 |
原子能技术 | 178篇 |
自动化技术 | 1487篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 85篇 |
2023年 | 238篇 |
2022年 | 451篇 |
2021年 | 580篇 |
2020年 | 621篇 |
2019年 | 547篇 |
2018年 | 532篇 |
2017年 | 744篇 |
2016年 | 826篇 |
2015年 | 894篇 |
2014年 | 1212篇 |
2013年 | 1294篇 |
2012年 | 1429篇 |
2011年 | 1618篇 |
2010年 | 1187篇 |
2009年 | 1237篇 |
2008年 | 1194篇 |
2007年 | 1527篇 |
2006年 | 1378篇 |
2005年 | 1135篇 |
2004年 | 955篇 |
2003年 | 860篇 |
2002年 | 690篇 |
2001年 | 591篇 |
2000年 | 535篇 |
1999年 | 489篇 |
1998年 | 306篇 |
1997年 | 348篇 |
1996年 | 269篇 |
1995年 | 232篇 |
1994年 | 160篇 |
1993年 | 105篇 |
1992年 | 83篇 |
1991年 | 68篇 |
1990年 | 54篇 |
1989年 | 57篇 |
1988年 | 56篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Li-Piin Sung Joan Jasmin Xiaohong Gu Tinh Nguyen Jonathan W. Martin 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2004,1(4):267-276
Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) has been used to characterize the changes in film thickness and local surface morphology
of polymer coatings during the UV degradation process. With the noninvasive feature of LSCM, one can obtain thickness information
directly and nondestructively at various exposure times without destroying the specimens or deriving the thickness values
from IR measurement by assuming uniform film ablation. Two acrylic polymer coatings were chosen for the study, and the physical
and chemical changes of the two systems at various exposure times were measured and analyzed. Those measurable physical changes
caused by UV exposure include film ablation, formation of pits and other surface defects, and increases in surface roughness.
It was found in both coatings that changes in measured film thickness by LSCM were not correlated linearly to the predicted
thickness loss using the changes in the CH band obtained by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements
in the later degradation stages. This result suggested it was not a uniform film ablation process during the UV degradation.
At later stages, where surface deformation became severe, surface roughness and profile information using LSCM were also proven
to be useful for analyzing the surface degradation process
Presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, November 13–14, 2004 in Philadelphia,
PA. 相似文献
82.
《Calphad》2014
Experimental investigations and Gibbs energy modelling of KCl–LiCl–UCl3 system employing CALPHAD method are reported. Gibbs energy modelling of the subsystems KCl–UCl3 and LiCl–UCl3 was carried out primarily using phase diagram data from the literature. For the Gibbs energy modelling of the KCl–LiCl subsystem, new phase boundary data corresponding to four terminal compositions , 0.05, 0.95 and 0.97) obtained through differential thermal analysis data along with thermochemical and phase diagram data from the literature were used. Thermal analysis was also carried out for KCl–LiCl eutectic mixture containing small amounts of UCl3 and ). The liquidus temperatures for these compositions were found to be 637 K and 674 K. Electromotive force data for dilute solutions of UCl3 in the KCl–LiCl eutectic melt, measured in the temperature range 708–833 K in the present work, were found to be in good agreement with the literature data. These data were also used as input for the Gibbs energy modelling of the KCl–LiCl–UCl3 system. In order to improve the quality of the resulting Gibbs energy functions of the quasibinaries and the quasiternary, enthalpies of mixing of the corresponding melts estimated using an empirical correlation based on surrounded-ion model were also used as input. Finally, the generated Gibbs energy functions were used to compute phase equilibria. 相似文献
83.
Ahmed A. Busnaina 《The Journal of Adhesion》1995,51(1):167-180
Recent progress in particle capture and rebound and its effect on the adhesion force is reviewed in this paper. Particles rebound when the incident velocity is greater than a characteristic critical velocity. Lower impaction velocity particles experience elastic and plastic deformation. Recent models for particle rebound and capture are discussed and evaluated in terms of their restrictive assumptions and results. Recent experimental data of particle rebound and capture is also discussed, as is the hydrodynamic removal of captured particles. The removal of particles occurs when the applied hydrodynamic removal force overcomes the adhesion force. The effect of adhesion-induced deformation on the removal of particles is introduced and discussed. 相似文献
84.
Yiming Zeng Zhigang Wang Lijun Wan Yanqiao Shi Guanwen Chen Chunli Bai 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,88(5):1328-1335
By the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), formation mechanism of nodular structure in cellulose acetate membranes was systematically investigated. Elementary factors affecting the nodule formation were delineated on the basis of both kinetic and thermodynamic considerations. It was shown that (1) the exact nature of nodular structure is thermodynamic equilibrium glassy state; nodular structure will vanish in the rubbery state; (2) the thermodynamic factor affecting nodule formation is the membrane formation temperature; with the membrane formation temperature decreasing, more chain segments are able to form nodular structures; (3) nodule formation is dependent on the segment rearrangement; variation of the solvent environment is the major kinetic factor affecting the segment rearrangement and nodule formation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1328–1335, 2003 相似文献
85.
Giuseppe Placidi Danilo Avola Marco Ferrari Daniela Iacoviello Andrea Petracca Valentina Quaresima Matteo Spezialetti 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2014
Background and objective
The degeneration of the balance control system in the elderly and in many pathologies requires measuring the equilibrium conditions very often. In clinical practice, equilibrium control is commonly evaluated by using a force platform (stabilometric platform) in a clinical environment.In this paper, we demonstrate how a simple movement analysis system, based on a 3D video camera and a 3D real time model reconstruction of the human body, can be used to collect information usually recorded by a physical stabilometric platform.Methods
The algorithm used to reconstruct the human body model as a set of spheres is described and discussed. Moreover, experimental measurements and comparisons with data collected by a physical stabilometric platform are also reported. The measurements were collected on a set of 6 healthy subjects to whom a change in equilibrium condition was stimulated by performing an equilibrium task.Results
The experimental results showed that more than 95% of data collected by the proposed method were not significantly different from those collected by the classic platform, thus confirming the usefulness of the proposed system.Conclusions
The proposed virtual balance assessment system can be implemented at low cost (about 500$) and, for this reason, can be considered a home use medical device. On the contrary, astabilometric platform has a cost of about 10,000$ and requires periodical calibration. The proposed system does not require periodical calibration, as is necessary for stabilometric force platforms, and it is easy to use. In future, the proposed system with little integration can be used, besides being an emulator of a stabilometric platform, also to recognize and track, in real time, head, legs, arms and trunk, that is to collect information actually obtained by sophisticated optoelectronic systems. 相似文献86.
Acquisition of the contact force at the instrument tip can enable better performance, e.g. transparency of the haptic feedback in the surgical robot systems. It is, however, difficult to measure the contact force directly due to technical limitations in attaching sensors to the tip of the instruments. This paper proposes a method to estimate the forces by installing the sensors away from the instrument tip. The proposed method employs specially designed mechanical parts of the slave robot, i.e. a slider cover plate for the z-axis translational force along the insertion direction, and docking clamps for the rotational pivot torques around the fulcrum point. Strain gauges are attached to specially designed places with enhancing shapes. The simulation results of the force estimation are presented to confirm the strain concentration area. The proposed method is validated with quantitative experimental results. Calibrated weights are determined upon the comparison of the strain value with a calibrated 6-axis force/torque sensor. The percentage error in the force calibration is about 5~8% calculated by the root mean square error (RMSE) of force-sensing performance. In addition, it can be computed by considering only the bending phase of each sensor although the hysteresis is observed from the calibration graph. 相似文献
87.
This paper proposes a tactile display providing both shear and normal feedback to the fingertip for generating three-axis tactile feedback during teleoperation of a surgical robot. The display is composed of five balloons actuated by controlling the pneumatic pressure. The implemented display is 18?mm?×?18?mm?×?15?mm. This size is suitable for mounting the display onto the master controls of a surgical robot. The maximum normal and shear displacements are 2 and 1.3?mm, respectively. The proposed tactile display may provide perceivable stimuli to a human finger pad in all five directions: normal, distal, proximal, radial, and ulnar. This paper also reports on the results of psychophysical measurement of the minimum perceivable movement of the developed tactile display for each of the five directions. 相似文献
88.
The effects of the molecular weights (molecular weight of polystyrene, Mw,PS, varying from 2.9 to 129 k) on the surface morphologies of spin-coated and annealed polystyrene/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA=50/50, w/w) blend films were investigated by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the spin-coated films, when the Mw,PS varied from 2.9 to 129 k, three different kinds of surface morphologies (a nanophase-separated morphology, a PMMA cellular or network-like morphology whose meshes filled with PS, a sea-island like morphology) were observed and their formation mechanisms are discussed, respectively. Upon annealing, two different morphology-evolution processes were observed. It is found that a upper PS-rich phase layer is formed when Mw,PS<4 k, and this behavior is mainly attributed to the low interfacial tension between PS and PMMA component. When Mw,PS>4 k, the PS-rich phase forms droplets on top of the PMMA-rich phase layer which wets the SiOx substrate. These results indicate that the surface morphology of the polymer blend films can be controlled by the polymer molecular weight and annealing conditions. 相似文献
89.
The effect of electrostatic and capillary forces on bumpy particle adhesion and removal in turbulent flows is studied. We use the JKR theory and account for the increase of adhesion by capillary force. The effects of electrostatic forces and nonlinear hydrodynamic drag are included in the analyses. The criteria for incipient rolling and sliding detachments and electrostatic lifting removal are evaluated. A turbulence burst model is used for evaluating the peak air velocity near the substrate. The critical shear velocities for detaching particles of different sizes under different conditions are evaluated. The electric field strength needed for electrostatic removal of particles with different charges is also estimated. The results are compared with those obtained in the absence of the capillary force. Comparisons of the model predictions with the available experimental data are also presented. 相似文献
90.
基于分级型模数转换器AD7884对分离脱落电连接器的分离力进行测量,采用8位单片机W77E58与之接口,进行数据处理并通过485串口传输到上位机。实现了对分离脱落电连接器的分离力进行测量,系统运行稳定,且与上位机数据交互简单、可靠。 相似文献