3％辛硫磷颗粒剂防治甘蔗螟虫研究

在甘蔗苗期施用3％辛硫磷颗粒剂90～120kg／hm^2,对蔗螟的防治效果达77．86％～78．40％,对人、畜、作物安全,对环境友善。     

Responses of phosphine susceptible and resistant strains of five stored-product insect species to chlorine dioxide

Adults of phosphine susceptible laboratory strains and phosphine resistant field strains of five stored-product insect species were exposed in vials with 0 or 10 g of wheat for different time periods to 0.54 g/m³ (200 ppm) of chlorine dioxide gas. After exposure, adult mortality was determined 5 d later at 28 °C and 65% r.h. The 5-d mortality was 100% in laboratory and field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) that were exposed in vials with 10 g of wheat to chlorine dioxide for 26, 16, 24–34, 18–24, and 15–18 h, respectively. Corresponding exposure durations for these species and strains in vials without wheat were 15, 3, 18–20, 7–15, and 5–7 h, respectively. Dosages of chlorine dioxide producing 99% mortality (LD₉₉) of T. castaneum, O. surinamensis, R. dominica, S. zeamais, and S. oryzae strains in vials with wheat ranged from 14.79−22.57, 8.20–8.41, 15.79–21.60, 10.66–14.53, and 7.67–12.20 g-h/m³, respectively. In vials without wheat, corresponding LD₉₉ values for T. castaneum, R. dominica, and S. zeamais strains were 6.51–8.66, 11.46–23.17, and 5.79–10.26 g-h/m³, respectively. LD₉₉ values for O. surinamensis and S. oryzae could not be computed, because of 100% mortality after a 3–5 h exposure to chlorine dioxide. No adult progeny production of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis was observed after 8 weeks in control and chlorine dioxide-exposed samples. Adult progeny production of Sitophilus spp. was found only in the control samples. The dosage for 99% adult progeny reduction relative to control for R. dominica strains ranged from 10.07 to 18.11 g-h/m³. Chlorine dioxide gas is effective in killing phosphine susceptible and resistant strains of five stored-product insect species and suppressing adult progeny production of three out of the five species.     

Efficacy of filter cake and Triplex powders from Ethiopia applied to wheat against Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae

The efficacy of filter cake and Triplex powders applied to wheat was evaluated in the laboratory against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)—two most common insect pests associated with stored grain in Ethiopia. Efficacy of these powders was determined by exposing 20 adults of each species to 100 g of wheat treated with 0, 100, 500, 700 and 1000 mg/kg of filter cake and Triplex. Adult mortality was determined 7 and 14 d after exposure. In addition, adult progeny production, percentage of insect damaged kernels, and percentage of grain weight loss at each species-powder-concentration-time combinations were determined after 42 d. The 7 and 14 d mortality was 100% for adults of both species exposed to 1000 mg/kg of filter cake; only the 14 d mortality of Sitophilus species was 100% for adults exposed to 700 mg/kg. Mortality of S. oryzae adults was 100% when exposed for 14 d to1000 mg/kg of Triplex. Mortality of S. zeamais never reached 100% in any Triplex treatments. Adult progeny production of S. zeamais was completely suppressed at filter cake concentrations of 700 and 1000 mg/kg, whereas 1000 mg/kg was necessary for complete suppression of S. oryzae adult progeny production. Complete suppression of adult progeny production was not observed in any Triplex treatments. Complete reduction in percentage of insect damaged kernels and percentage of grain weight loss were obtained when S. zeamais and S. oryzae adults were exposed to 1000 mg/kg of filter cake; similar reductions with S. zeamais occurred only at 1000 mg/kg of Triplex. In the case of S. oryzae, complete reduction of insect damaged kernels and grain weight loss were not achieved at any concentration of Triplex. These powders can be used as alternatives to chemical insecticides for management of Sitophilus species.     

滑坡灾害风险评估的FA-ECM法

滑坡灾害在我国具有分布广、规模大、数量多且危险性强等特点,给人民的生命财产带来严重的威胁,所以,必须加强滑坡灾害的评估方法研究。为此,基于功效系数法(ECM)的基本原理,在综合考虑滑坡的众多影响因素基础上,运用因子分析法(FA),选取坚固性系数、坡度、当月降雨量、植被覆盖率、距坝距离、断层影响距作为评价因子,建立了一种新的滑坡灾害风险评估方法,并将该方法应用于瀑布沟水电站库区12处滑坡灾害,评价结果的准确率达到91.77%,表明基于FA-ECM法的滑坡灾害风险评估方法是可行的,这为滑坡灾害的风险评估提供了一种新的方法。     

Wall and fluid inlet temperature effect on heat transfer in incompressible laminar oscillating flows

This paper deals with the problem of oscillating flows occurring in devices such as Stirling or thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators. Since the global governing equations cannot be solved, the authors propose to introduce a few simplifications; the most simplifying reduction is that the fluid is assumed to be incompressible. However, specific attention is paid to describing the flow characteristics that's why the Lagrangian formalism which allows the individual study of each fluid particle is adopted. Thereby each particle contribution to global thermal effects can be evaluated and the gas temperature profiles along the exchanger can be computed. Various situations are presented including the case of a non-uniform temperature at the wall and a phase lag between pressure and temperature at the fluid entrance. The efficiency of the wall to fluid thermal exchange is analyzed. The authors show that this exchange depends upon two important parameters: the geometric ratio between the exchanger length and the particle oscillating displacement, and a thermal parameter “β”, governing the temperature profiles and related to the Prandtl number, the operating frequency and the phase lag between the instantaneous heat flux and the wall to fluid temperature difference.     

两点源诱骗反辐射导弹的效能评估模型研究

两点源诱骗是对抗反辐射导弹的一种重要手段,本文首先采用数学方法研究了两点源诱骗反辐射导弹的原理,接着讨论并给出了相干诱骗和非相干诱骗反辐射导弹的偏角计算模型,在此基础上,给出了两点源诱骗反辐射导弹的脱靶距离计算模型.     

东南亚食用燕窝研究现状

东南亚各国的食用燕窝为金丝燕筑巢时吐出并凝固的唾液,具有丰富的营养和药用价值,在国内自古被视为珍稀食材。随着燕窝产业的发展和经济水平的提高,食用燕窝逐渐平民化。与此同时,许多不法分子为谋取暴利采用化学漂白等方式进行掺假。2011年以来,正规渠道入境的燕窝先后爆发过"毒血燕"、"换码"、"虚标含量"等质量事件,其食用安全问题备受关注,各国对其成分、功效、生物活性、检测方法、法规标准等的研究也逐渐深入。本文从金丝燕的物种、燕窝的种类、产业链和相关法律法规的现状、燕窝的成分和功效、燕窝的真伪鉴定6个方面对食用燕窝进行全方位、多角度、深层次的综述,以期为下一步研究提供参考依据。     

BCLA CLEAR – Contact lens optics

The most fundamental aspect of a contact lens is its optics; the manner in which the refraction of light is managed to optimise vision to the clinical benefit of the lens wearer. This report presents contemporary information on the optical structure of the eye and the optical models employed to understand the correction of refractive error. The design, measurement and clinical assessment of spherical, aspheric, toric, multifocal and myopia control contact lenses are described. The complexity and variety of multifocal lenses is recognised and detailed information is provided for alternating, simultaneous, diffractive, annular, aspheric and extended depth of field lens designs. In terms of clinical assessment, a contemporary review is provided for the measurement of: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, through focus curves, reading performance, peripheral refraction, toric displacement realignment and patient reported outcomes. Overall, the paper aims to serve as a resource for the prescribing clinician, who can optimise contact lens corrections for patients by building on the optical rationale of these devices; and also highlights future opportunities for research innovation.     

中西医结合治疗不孕不育78例临床探讨

目的探讨中西医结合治疗不孕不育的病因及临床疗效情况。方法将78例随机平均分为治疗组(中西医结合治疗组)和对照组(单纯西医治疗组)各39例,对照组采用西药阿司匹林、克罗米芬、绒毛膜促性腺激素治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用中医中药治疗。结果治疗组(中西医结合治疗组)与对照组(单纯西医治疗组)总有效率比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。男性不育患者发病的主要原因为精液异常,占61.5%;女性不孕症的病因主要为输卵管炎,占35.9%。结论中西医结合治疗不孕不育的总有效率比较高,疗效是肯定的。     

Can back supports relieve the load on the lumbar spine for employees engaged in industrial operations?

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increased use of back supports in US industry to reduce the frequency and concomitant costs of lower-back disorders. The obvious question is, ‘Can back supports relieve the load on the lumbar spine for employees engaged in industrial operations?’. This paper is directed towards answering this question because there have been mixed conclusions in the literature reporting on the efficacy of back supports. The literature concerning the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical effects of back supports on the human spine has been reviewed as well as the use of back supports to control injury in the workplace. A'critical assessment of the findings reported by various investigators has been made together with a discussion of the mechanisms used by the trunk muscles to provide extrinsic stability to the spine. It is hypothesized that the extrinsic stability of the spine is manifested through more than one mechanism. These mechanisms may act simultaneously or sequentially to stabilize the trunk. Finally, the ergonomics of back supports as a corporate policy are discussed.