Carbon black thin films with tunable resistance and optical transparency

Layer-by-layer assembly was used to produce highly conductive thin films of carbon black and polymer. Positively and negatively-charged polyelectrolytes, polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), were used to stabilize carbon black in aqueous mixtures that were then deposited onto a PET substrate. The effects of sonication and pH adjustment of deposition mixtures on the conductivity and transparency of deposited films was studied, along with drying temperature. Sonication and oven drying at 70 °C produced films with the lowest sheet resistance (∼1500 Ω/sq), which is a bulk resistivity below 0.2 Ω cm for a 14-bilayer film that is 1.3 μm thick. These two variables improve packing and connectivity amongst carbon black particles that results in increased electrical conductivity. Increasing the pH of the PAA-stabilized mixture and decreasing the pH of the PEI-stabilized mixture resulted in transparent films due to increased polymer charge density. These pH-adjusted films have much higher sheet resistance values than their non-adjusted counterparts due to their reduced thickness and patchy deposition. Varying the number of bilayers allows both sheet resistance and optical transparency to be tailored over a broad range. Carbon black-filled thin films able to achieve these levels of resistivity and transparency may find application in a variety of optoelectronic applications.     

Effect of H2O adsorption on the electrical transport properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes

Water molecules adsorbed on a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) serve as charge trapping centers when present in low density and as electron donors when present in high density. There is a discontinuous change between the low- and high-density regions. H₂O molecules are apt to be adsorbed on the outer surface of DWCNTs, and in this case the electrical transport properties are extremely sensitive to environment, which suggests that DWCNTs are hole doped and act as an electric dipole with the inner tube.     

Study of electrical discharge grinding using metal matrix composite electrodes

An investigation was made into the combined technologies of electrical discharge machining and grinding (EDMG). A metal matrix (Cu/SiC_p) electrode with a rotating device was made and employed to study the EDMG technology. It was found that 3–7 times the normal electrical discharge machining (EDM) material removal rate (MRR) could be achieved in EDMG under suitable conditions of electrode rotating speed, SiC_p particle size and current. This novel achievement is attributed to the fact that, under appropriate conditions, the hump-shaped melted material created by the EDM mechanism is vulnerable to attack by the grinding mechanism during the EDMG operation, greatly increasing the removal rate. Conversely, under inappropriate conditions, in which hump-shaped material solidifies prior to the non-conductive ceramic particle grinding, the above function becomes negligible and results in much lower MRR.     

H2 plasma for hydrogen loading in Pd

The preliminary results concerning the effect of negative corona discharge and that of a tensile uniaxial stress on the hydrogen solution in palladium are presented. By the simultaneous measurement on the same sample of its electrical resistance and dilatation it is inferred that both effects result in an increase of the hydrogen concentration in the hydride with respect to the unperturbed situation, i.e., equilibrium condition.     

Electronic transport properties of liquid Ga–Zn alloys

In the present work, the electrical resistivity and the absolute thermoelectric power (Seebeck coefficient) of the liquid Ga_x–Zn_1−x alloys have been measured at different concentrations as functions of temperature. The liquid alloy is contained in a quartz cell fitted with tungsten and tungsten-rhenium electrodes. The thermal conductivity is deduced using Wiedemann–Franz law. To interpret our experimental data, we used a quantum mechanical calculation of the electrical resistivity ρ and of the thermoelectric power S of Ga_x–Zn_1−x alloys known as the “Faber–Ziman” formalism.     

粮库除尘系统的PLC控制

用FX2系列的PLC实现了粮库除尘系统的自动控制，给出了软、硬件的设计特点及一些注意事项。     

测量电工钢片比总损耗的不确定度评定

根据国际标准ISO／IEC17025-1999，检测和校准实验室出具的每份证书或报告，均应包括有关测量结果不确定度的说明，为此按照国标对电工钢片进行比总损耗的测定，并对测量的结果进行不确定度评定。     

基于微观结构分形表征的钼-氧化锆材料导电导热性能研究

金属陶瓷物理性能与材料组分和空间组织结构密切相关,其组成相的形态分布具有分形特征。基于渗流理论和分形理论,通过对材料微观结构图像的二值化处理进行导通相分形维数计算,建立分形维数与导通相微观形貌、渗流临界指数之间的定量表征,研究Mo-ZrO2金属陶瓷全组分范围内材料微观结构与电导率和热导率之间的关系。结果表明：导通相面积分形维数随着Mo体积分数的增加而增加,电导率与分形维数遵循渗流转变特征。采用通用有效介质(GEM)方程建立基于导通相分形维数的金属陶瓷电导率和热导率模型,实现材料微观组织定量分析结果与金属陶瓷的渗流模型相结合,有效预测材料宏观物理性质的梯度变化。     

Study on the real-time size distribution of smoke particles for each fire stage by using a steady-state tube furnace method

For the analysis of the adverse effects of smoke on health, it is essential to determine the amount and location of smoke particles deposited in the respiratory tract. However, the deposition characteristics of the particles are influenced by their morphology and size distribution. Moreover, the real-time particle size distribution during inhalation is important for determining smoke particle deposition in the lungs. Smoke particles generated under different fire conditions differ in their physical and chemical characteristics. Thus, there is a need to adopt international standard methods for characterizing the particles generated in fire. In the present study, the size distributions together with morphology of smoke particles were measured for each fire stage by using the steady-state tube furnace method given in ISO/TS 19700. The size distributions of smoke particles from wood and polypropylene (PP) were measured in real time by using an electric low-pressure impactor (ELPI⁺), and their morphologies were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

LiF-YF3-Y2O3电解质体系电导率的测定

LiF-YF₃-Y₂O₃体系的电导率直接关系到熔盐电解法制备稀土钇合金过程的机理研究及节能增效。本研究在1173~1373 K下,使用CVCC法测定不同配比LiF-YF₃、LiF-YF₃(摩尔比1:1)-Y₂O₃体系的电导率,发现随着温度降低和熔盐中YF₃、Y₂O₃含量的增加,熔盐电导率随之减小,这是由于大粒度络合离子的产生以及熔盐粘度的增加,导致了熔盐中小体积自由离子(如Li^₊和F^_-)的迁移阻力降低,使熔盐电导率下降。同时发现熔盐电导率随温度变化的规律符合Arrenius方程,并计算出熔盐的指前因子lna以及活化能E,通过拟合获得合理的二元和三元熔盐电导率与成分、温度之间的经验公式,来确定熔盐电导率的变化规律,为熔盐电解法制备钇合金奠定了坚实理论基础。