Influence of clay addition on the properties of olive oil in water emulsions

The behaviour of olive oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) was studied in the presence of smectite particles. The distribution of these particles in the emulsions and the effect of their interaction with the surfactant on the stability of the emulsions were investigated. Whereas the variation of surfactant and/or clay content did not seem to affect the nature of the emulsion, it had a significant influence on emulsion stability. This observation led to two main assumptions on the distribution of clay particles within the emulsion, either exclusively in the continuous phase, or also at the oil-water interface.In the absence of clay, the variation of surfactant concentration (from 0 to 17% (w/w)) allowed to distinguish 3 domains. In the first concentration domain (0–4.2%) emulsions stability increased with the content of surfactant. Within the second domain (4.2–8.5% (w/w)), a slight decrease in stability was observed due to flocculation by depletion. For surfactant concentrations equal or higher than 8.5% (3rd domain), emulsion stability increased sharply, probably due to the development of interactions between surfactant molecules as they came closer to their gelling concentration. The effect of clay addition to the aqueous phase (up to 10% (w/w)) on the physicochemical properties of the studied emulsions was assessed from stability, drop size, interfacial tension, rheological and acido-basic analyses. A model based on the location of clay particles either in the bulk or at the interface could be proposed, in which clay particles would interact with surfactant molecules in the bulk phase, and form a mechanical barrier around the oil droplets, thus increasing emulsion stability.     

新型刨花板用石蜡乳液的制备

采用石蜡、C5石油树脂等为原料,制备刨花板蜡乳液,并对其性能进行了研究。实验确定了刨花板用乳化蜡微乳液的配方,考察了乳化条件对制备微乳液的影响。结果表明,当石蜡、C5石油树脂的质量比为2∶1,乳化时间为40min,乳化温度为90℃左右,搅拌速率为1000r/min时可制得性能稳定的刨花板专用防护蜡乳液。     

Fat Crystals Influence Methylcellulose Stabilization of Lipid Emulsions

Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with methylcellulose (MC) varied in stability depending on the composition of the fat phase. When droplets were composed entirely of liquid oil, MC was able to form a continuous, protective film around the droplets. Therefore, when two liquid oil droplets were brought into contact, they underwent extreme shape deformation but did not coalesce, even when excess force was used. Subsequently, interfacial crystals extending into the aqueous phase from palm kernel oil droplets were aimed into an entirely liquid oil droplet. The MC-coated droplet would deform wherever the crystal contacted; however, the protruding crystals could not penetrate into the liquid oil droplet. Conversely, when the target droplet was composed of a small amount of solid fat that resulted in localized crystalline regions and the interfacial crystals of the second droplet were aimed at this region, they then easily pierced the droplet. This demonstrates that MC is an excellent stabilizer for liquid oil droplets but internal lipid crystals within fat globules can alter MC surface conformation to allow for crystal penetration and arrested coalescence.     

Removal of phenol and substituted phenols by newly developed emulsion liquid membrane process

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) stabilized by non-Newtonian conversion of the liquid membrane phase and dispersed in a Taylor-Couette flow was applied to treat model industrial wastewaters containing phenols and selected substituted phenols (hydroquinone, three chlorophenols and two nitrophenols) at relatively high concentrations. Under optimized operating conditions, all the compounds except hydroquinone were extracted with the maximum extraction efficiency of over 96% and the time to reach maximum extraction ranged from 2 to 30 min. For 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2-nitrophenol, maximum extraction efficiency of over 99% was reached in less than 2 min of contact time. Extraction of these compounds from the mixture was also highly efficient. Factors that affected the overall extraction efficiency such as acid-base speciation of the target compounds and the affinity between the target compounds and the membrane phase were determined. This study suggested that the newly developed ELM process might provide a promising alternative technology to treat industrial wastewaters containing high concentrations of phenolic compounds.     

乳化基质油相含量对膨乳炸药爆炸性能影响的实验

根据实际生产经验和不含TNT工业炸药的发展趋势，将岩石膨化硝铵炸药与乳化基质机械混合后制备膨乳炸药。并用正交实验研究了乳化基质油相含量对膨乳炸药爆炸性能的影响，优化了生产工艺条件和乳化基质配方。实验结果表明，影响膨乳炸药爆炸性能和工艺条件的因素有乳化基质油相含量，乳化基质含量，混合时间以及基质温度，而乳化基质油相含量是决定膨乳炸药爆炸性能的关键因素。     

乳化炸药高温敏化工艺的探讨

文章介绍了一种高温敏化工艺,该工艺采用了新型敏化剂材料,试生产效果表明:其工艺流程简便,实现了高温敏化、高温装药,产品爆炸性能优良。