沥青乳化燃料的研制

将调整好ｐＨ值的乳化剂水溶液在乳化设备中加热至试验温度，开动乳化机，加入规定量的热熔沥青，在分散、剪切力的作用下制成表现均匀的乳化液．沥青乳化液的性质，如粒径、粘度、稳定度等，与乳化方法、乳化条件、乳化剂与助剂的种类及用量有关，尤以乳化剂的种类与结构影响最大，因而选择适合的乳化剂甚为重要，考查了ＡＥ—１和Ｌ—１０两种乳化剂的用量对乳化结果的影响，沥青乳化液流动特性试验及其单滴燃烧与冷喷试验结果．     

薄带高速冷连轧轧制温度自动控制技术的研究

在大量的现场试验与理论研究的基础上,充分考虑到冷连轧机高速轧制的生产工艺特点,以各个机架轧制温度相对均匀为目标,把保证终卷温度在设定范围内且乳化液满足相关工艺要求作为约束条件,建立了一套冷连轧机高速轧制温度自动控制模型,并将其应用到宝钢1220冷连轧机的生产实践,通过对乳化液的浓度、温度、流量密度等关键参数的优化设定,实现了轧制温度与终卷温度的最优控制,有效的保证了带钢表面质量与板形精度,为机组创造了较大的经济效益,具有进一步的推广应用价值。     

ZB——机用书画装裱粘合剂的研制

采用VAC/BA/AAm三元共聚体系制备乳液型书画装裱粘合剂。对PVA用量、聚合反应温度、引发 剂、pH值、AAm用量等对粘合剂性能的影响进行了研究,确定了最优制备条件。     

原油／水乳状液流变形态与机理研究

本文介绍用流变镜研究原油/水乳状液流变机理的初步结果。根据乳状液流变形态讨论了流变特征,对乳状液表观粘度值随切变速率增高而降低的机理提供了直观论据,在某一剪切速率下测得的流变性参数(粘度或应力)是各种流变形态综合作用的结果。     

P204—TBP协萃体系用于乳状液膜提取铀（Ⅵ）的研究

介绍了Ｐ２０４－ＴＢＰ协萃体系用于乳状液膜法提取铀（Ⅵ）的研究。研究了在乳状液膜法中协萃载体ＴＢＰ的用量、乳状液膜制备条件、乳状液膜的膜相、膜内相和膜外相的组成对提取铀（Ⅵ）的影响。实验结果表明：（１）在硝酸铀酰体系中，膜相协萃载体ＴＢＰ占载体总量２０％—４０％时，铀（Ⅵ）的分配比是单一载体Ｐ２０４的３倍左右；在硫酸铀酰体系中，也有明显协同萃取效应。（２）当表面活性剂Ｓｐａｎ８０的体积分数为２％、膜内相Ｈ２ＳＯ４浓度为３—３．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，可获得稳定的乳状液膜；膜外相ｐＨ控制在２左右，能获得满意的铀（Ⅵ）提取率；对铀（Ⅵ）含量较高的料液应该提高协萃载体浓度或适当增加乳状液与膜外相料液的体积比；料液中存在Ｆｅ３＋离子对液膜提取铀（Ⅵ）会产生不良影响，而ＳＯ２－４离子的影响并不明显。（３）Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液虽然也是铀（Ⅵ）的良好反萃剂，但它不能作乳状液膜法中提取铀（Ⅵ）的膜内相。膜内相的选择不仅考虑它是合适的常规反萃剂，而且要考虑膜内相与膜相的相容性。     

Antioxidative effect of cactus pear fruit (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus-indica</Emphasis>) extract on lipid peroxidation inhibition in oils and emulsion model systems

The lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects of cactus pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica) extracts (CPFE) on fish oil, fish oil-in-water emulsion and linoleic acid were studied using conjugated diene hydroperoxides (CDH), weight gaining, peroxide value (PV), and thiobabituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. A modified DPPH assay was used in the characterization of CPFE antioxidants for their thermal stability. CPFE successfully controlled lipid peroxidation at different stages of the pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of the lipid peroxidation in oils and emulsion was successfully improved by increasing the level of CPFE from 0.01 to 0.1%. CPFE controlled conjugated diene formation from lipid radicals, demonstrating lower conjugated diene hydroperoxide values than its control counterpart. Moreover, it controlled the addition of oxygen to conjugated dienes to form lipid peroxyl radicals, resulting in lower weight gain. It also recorded a lower PV than its control counterpart, indicating its inhibitory effect on peroxyl radical formation. Such multiple and integrated effects controlled the overall lipid peroxidation, resulting in lower TBARS values than the control. Characterization of the CPFE antioxidants proved that those antioxidants are heat-resistant, although the color of the CPFE pigments disappeared rapidly.     

超高压和撞击流相结合的新方法在乳化均质方面的应用

传统的乳化方法处理后的物料粒径难以达到亚微米甚至纳米级,不能满足制备更高性能产品的要求。采用超高压和撞击流相结合的新方法,具备了高剪切和高压的均质乳化的双重作用机理,使得高速射流对撞过程中可以产生三个对微粒破碎和分散起重要作用的因素,因此所产生的乳液滴粒直径小,分布窄,并且能耗较小。阐述了新方法的基本原理,对工艺流程进行了研究。实验结果经过三种方法验证均达到比较好的效果。     

Optimization of the composition of low-fat oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by white lupin protein

The effect of composition (protein, xanthan gum, and oil content) of lupin protein-stabilized emulsions on their physical properties—droplet size distribution, rheological behavior, and texture—was studied. Droplet size distribution was measured by laser light-scattering experiments, rheological parameters were determined from oscillatory and steady-state flow measurements, and texture responses were obtained from texture profile analysis. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the emulsion composition using commercial mayonnaise parameters as a standard. An increase in protein, xanthan gum, or oil content produced, in the experimental range considered, an increase in the rheological and textural parameters studied, as well as a decrease in the average oil droplet diameter. It was possible to produce stable lupin protein-stabilized emulsions with physical properties similar to those of commercial mayonnaise for a wide variety of protein, xanthan gum, and oil concentration values, which may be designed to suit market specifications.     

Hydrophobically Modified Alkali Soluble Emulsion Polymers: Literature Review

In recent years, interest in the class of water-soluble polymers—hydrophobically modified alkali soluble emulsion (HASE)—has increased on a surprising scale. With respect to other associative polymers, they have several advantages in terms of cost and ease of handling and utilization. In addition, unlike the solvent-based formulations, these water-soluble systems do not contain volatile solvents and hence do not contribute to environmental problems. In solutions, HASE polymers form a transient network through molecular associations between the hydrophobic groups. Due to these hydrophobic interactions, they have been increasingly used as rheology modifiers for various applications, such as paints, cosmetics, and personal care and paper coating products. These associative polymers have an architectural richness that allows the fine tuning of several physicochemical properties, and their optimal use requires controlling polymer concentration, molecular weight, size of the hydrophobic groups, and characteristics of the polymeric backbone. We give an overview of several studies on HASE polymers reported in the literature, focusing on the molecular structure, the synthetic methodologies, and—more specifically—on the factors that affect the rheology of their aqueous mixtures. As a general rule for the optimal HASE design and formulative exploitation, we highlight that the hydrophobic hanging groups are responsible for the rheological changes in the liquid phase, while the steric hindrance of the polymeric backbone and of the hydrophobic groups causes the stiffness.     

辐射法合成超高分子量聚苯乙烯及其表征

采用60Coγ射线引发苯乙烯(Styrene,St)乳液聚合制备超高分子量聚苯乙烯(Ultra-high molecular weight polystyrene,UHMWPS).研究了不同反应条件对单体转化率和分子量的影响,并采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、差示扫描量热法和凝胶渗透色谱对其进行了表征.结果表明,当剂量率为0.6Gy·min-1时,得到聚合物的重均分子量为1.63×106,分子量分布指数为2.88,玻璃化转变温度为78.