Combined generation and separation of hydrogen in an electrochemical water gas shift reactor (EWGSR)

Hydrogen rich gas, originating from fossil fuel reforming processes or biomass gasification, contains a significant amount of CO. Typically, the yield of H₂ is increased with subsequent water gas shift units, converting CO to CO₂ and additional H₂. This study describes a new reactor concept enabling the water gas shift reaction and the separation of the generated hydrogen in one process step by using electrical energy. This electrochemical water gas shift reactor applies a H₃PO₄-doped Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) membrane as electrolyte and carbon supported Pt or PtRu as anode catalyst. The reactor operation was investigated at 130 °C and 150 °C with a H₂ free anode feed stream of humidified CO and N₂. The experimental results show the feasibility of the reactor concept, as H₂ was generated at the cathode according to Faradays Law. Anodic PtRu led to lower power demands than Pt. The operation at the two temperatures showed that 130 °C results in a lower electrical power demand while generating an equal amount of H₂. The feasibility of the reactor was assessed using exergy efficiency analysis.     

Se in Se‐enriched peanut,and losses during peanut protein preparation

This study determined the Se species in Se‐enriched peanut, and Se losses during peanut protein processing by enzymatic extraction, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry determination. The study revealed that mixed enzymes (protease and lipase, 2:1 w/w) in Na₂S₂O₃, assisted by 1 h ultrasonic processing, could effectively extract Se speciation from defatted peanut powder. Separation of organic Se by HPLC was optimised using pentafluoropropionic anhydride at a concentration of 0.1% in 2% methanol as mobile phase. Selenomethionine is the dominant Se species in peanut, accounting for 65% of the total Se. During the peanut protein preparation, nearly 37% of Se losses were due to the complexity of the multistage process. The loss can be ascribed to volatilisation, dissolution, degradation or other physical modes of transfer or loss.     

气浮-厌氧-接触氧化工艺处理油田联合站剩余污水

介绍了该工艺的运行原理以及工艺特点,并介绍了该工艺在冀东油田柳一联的运行情况,以及运行经验。     

Soot oxidation kinetics under pressurized conditions

The oxidation kinetics, under different pressures, of soot samples obtained from different liquid fuels and two standards (a commercial black carbon sample and a reference diesel soot) was studied. Soot samples were generated in a flat-flame, premixed burner under heavily-sooting conditions and captured on a water-cooled stabilization plate located above the burner surface. The collected soot was oxidized using a high-pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HTGA). TGA operation was optimized to reduce mass transfer effects by adjusting the oxidizer flow rate and initial sample mass. Further corrections for mass transfer were accomplished by computing the effectiveness factors for intraparticle, interparticle, and external mass transfer. Two pressures were evaluated (1 and 10 atm) and O₂ concentration was varied between 10 and 21%.     

Kinetics of high temperature oxidation of chromium rich HfC reinforced cobalt based alloys

Mostly known to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of superalloys, hafnium may also form carbides. Several per cents of Hf allow developing a dense carbide network to mechanically strengthen alloys. Here, the high temperature oxidation behaviour of three HfC containing cobalt alloys was characterised at all steps of a thermogravimetry test: heating, isothermal stage and cooling, compared with two Co–Cr–C model alloys. The five alloys were heated in synthetic air, maintained at 1200°C during 50 h and then cooled. The mass gains were plotted versus time or according to (m×dm/dt?=?Kp–m×Kv) to specify the isothermal kinetic constants, or versus temperature to determine how oxidation acts during heating and oxide spallation occurs during cooling. Compared to the ternary alloys, the oxidation of the HfC reinforced alloys starts earlier but leads to lower mass gains during heating, the isothermal oxidation is faster and oxide spallation occurs later.     

烟气脱硫装置改造解析

鉴于烟气脱硫装置没有硫酸铵产出、烟气排放不达标,分析装置存在的问题,采取改变加氨位置,用滴度来控制加氨量,增加氧化空气量等措施后,取得了明显的效果。     

Thermal barrier coating bonded by (Al2O3–Y2O3)/(Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2) laminated composite coating prepared by two-step cyclic spray pyrolysis

Thermal barrier coating bonded by (Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃)/(Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂) (YSZ) laminated coating has been developed on Ni-based superalloy by two-step cyclic pyrolysis. It is demonstrated, from cyclic oxidation tests at 1100 °C, that YSZ top coat and alloy substrate can be bonded together effectively by the (Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃)/YSZ laminated coating, showing good resistance to oxidation, cracking, spallation and buckling. These beneficial effects can be attributed to the sealing effect of the designed multi-sealed compact bond coat with α-Al₂O₃ layers, the decrease of thermal stresses, the increase of fracture toughness in such bond coat and no interdiffusion between the substrate and bond coat.