乙烯基硅氧烷单体接枝家蚕丝的性能研究

采用新型乙烯基硅氧烷单体对家蚕丝接枝改性，通过红外光谱和扫描电镜分析，接枝单体足依靠物理沉积和化学键作用与纤维结合的。接枝后真丝织物的折皱回复性显著提高，手感更为柔软，且小影响家蚕丝的强度。接枝后家蚕丝的白度和染色性略有下下降，染色色牢度与未处理真丝织物基本相同。     

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide supported PtAg nanoflowers and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity

In this work, a simple and facile method is developed in the synthesis of well-dispersed PtAg nanoflowers on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (PtAg/RGOs) under solvothermal conditions, using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as capping and stabilizing agents. The as-prepared nanocomposites show a superior electrocatalytic activity, good tolerance, and better stability toward the oxidation of formic acid and ethylene glycol in alkaline media, compared with the commercial Pt/C (10 wt%) catalyst. For the oxidation of formic acid, the PtAg nanoflowers own thirty times higher of the catalytic currents than those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Meanwhile, for the oxidation of ethylene glycol, the ratio of forward current (j_F) to reverse current (j_R) is high up to 8.4, which is almost four times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This strategy provides a promising platform for direct formic acid and ethylene glycol fuel cells.     

Dynamic and kinetic modeling of isotopic transient responses for CO insertion on Rh and Mn–Rh catalysts

Isotopic transient tracer techniques have been employed to study heterogeneous hydroformylation on Rh/SiO₂ and Mn–Rh/SiO₂. Pulse injection of D₂ and allowed tracing of the deuterium and CO incorporation pathway into the aldehyde product. The d₁- and d₂-propionaldehyde responses showed a double-peak, or two-hump, response to the D₂ pulse, while showed a single-hump response to the pulse. Analysis of the product responses to the D₂ pulse in CO/H₂/C₂H₄ and CO/H₂/C₂H₄/C₂H₅CHO suggests that the first hump of the d₁- and d₂-propionaldehyde responses was due to rapid H/D exchange with adsorbed propionaldehyde via enol intermediates. The decay of the second hump was due to reaction of adsorbed acyl with spillover hydrogen/deuterium. The response was due to CO insertion followed by acyl hydrogenation. Compartment modeling of the product responses from the and D₂ pulse inputs allowed determination of residence times of adsorbed intermediates, surface coverages of adsorbed intermediates, and the elementary rate constants for acyl hydrogenation and CO insertion. Elementary rate constants for acyl hydrogenation determined from this study were consistent with the value calculated by transition state theory (TST). The addition of Mn promoter to Rh/SiO₂ increased coverages of , , and and shifted the rate-limiting step for propionaldehyde formation. Acyl hydrogenation is the rate-limiting step on Rh/SiO₂ while CO insertion and acyl hydrogenation are both kinetically significant on Mn–Rh/SiO₂.     

环氧乙烷羰基合成1,3—丙二醇的催化剂配方研究（下）

介绍了环氧乙烷羰基合成１，３－丙二醇过程中的化学特性；考察了不同催化剂组合物配方对反应结果的影响，并对反应产物作了较尽尽的定性分析。     

Synthesis of functionalized copolymer electrolytes based on polysiloxane and analysis of their conductivity

Functionalized siloxane-based solid polymer electrolytes were synthesized using a platinum-catalyzed silylation reaction. The ionic conductivities of these solid polymer electrolytes were measured as a function of the concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSi) salt. The highest ionic conductivity and lowest activation energy of solid polymer electrolytes were observed to be 1.15 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ (25 °C) and 3.85 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The interface property between electrolyte and electrode and thermal stability of the polymer electrolytes were found to enhance after they were functionalized with acrylate, and the functionalized electrolytes were observed to maintain a glass transition temperature as low as that of other siloxane compounds. Thus, modifications involving acrylate with ethylene oxide group substitution provide a route for carrier ions and enhance both the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the siloxane structure.     

高效水处理还原剂水合电子的研究进展

水合电子作为一种高效的还原剂,在水处理中具有研究开发和推广应用价值。结合国内外文献,介绍了水合电子的结构、理化性质和检测技术,以及自然界和实验室中水合电子的产生途径,并详细论述了其在水处理中降解污染物方面的应用。最后,对水合电子的研究方向和应用前景作出展望。     

二氧化碳催化还原剂及反应机理研究

催化还原是二氧化碳资源化利用的有效途径之一。文章综述了CO2加氢还原过程中采用的还原剂,主要为氢气(H2),甲烷(CH4)等,分析了CO2催化还原机理,详细探讨了CO2与H2反应生成甲醇、二甲醚等的催化剂及反应机理,并且提出了CO2催化还原技术发展前景。     

Analysis and optimal design of an ethylene oxide reactor

In this work, a recently proposed multi-level reactor design methodology (Peschel et al., 2010) is extended and applied for the optimal design of an ethylene oxide reactor. In a first step, the optimal reaction route is calculated taking various process intensification concepts into account. The potential of each reaction concept can be efficiently quantified, which is the economic basis for the design of advanced reactors. Based on these results, a promising concept is further investigated and a technical reactor is designed. As an extension to the design method, reactor design criteria for external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations are directly included in the optimization approach in order to design the catalyst packing. The derived reactor concept is investigated with a detailed 2D reactor model accounting for radial concentration and temperature gradients in addition to a radial velocity profile.The example considered in this work is the production of ethylene oxide which is one of the most important bulk chemicals. Due to the high ethylene costs, the selectivity is the main factor for the economics of the process. A membrane reactor with an advanced cooling strategy is proposed as best technical reactor. With this reactor design it is possible to increase the selectivity of the ethylene epoxidation by approximately 3% compared to an optimized reference case.     

Petrochemicals from ethanol over a W-Si-based nanocomposite bidisperse solid acid catalyst

Very high ethylene selectivity values approaching 100% and very high ethanol conversion values approaching 85% were obtained in dehydration of ethanol over a new W-silicate-based nanocomposite catalyst having both meso and macropores and containing a W/Si atomic ratio of 0.85. Silicotungsticacid was successfully incorporated into the catalyst structure following a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis procedure. This catalyst is highly stable and does not loose activity in polar solvents and it has a sufficiently high surface area for catalytic applications. Calcination temperature of the catalyst was found to have a very significant effect on the catalyst structure and also on its catalytic performance in ethanol dehydration. Maximum selectivity of the second major reaction product diethylether was obtained as 0.7 at 200 °C, with the catalyst which was calcined at 400 °C. Very high ethylene and diethylether yield values obtained in this study at different reaction conditions are highly promising for the production of petrochemicals from ethanol.     

乙二醇后部再沸器封头开裂原因和处理办法

对环氧乙烷乙二醇装置后部再沸器封头应力腐蚀开裂的原因进行了分析，提出了处理办法。