盾构隧道密封垫长期防水性能预测的试验研究

为了建立盾构隧道弹性密封垫橡胶的老化系数模型,开展热氧加速老化试验. 该模型采用伸长率与应力的比值作为性能劣化指标,可以预测橡胶在不同温度和时间状态下的性能,对密封垫的长期服役状态进行预测. 通过一系列水密性试验,研究密封垫防水能力受服役时间和张开量的影响规律. 研究结果表明,橡胶的拉伸强度在老化前期受拉断伸长率变化的影响迅速下降,后期主导因素转变为拉伸模量;老化系数随着时间的增加而持续下降,但下降速度逐渐减小,最终服役百年后的老化系数为0.364;密封垫耐水压折减系数随着张开量的减小而降低,总体上小于老化系数. 基于试验结果,建立以服役时间和张开量为自变量的耐水压折减系数的预测公式.     

S-877催化剂在抚顺石化EO/EG装置应用分析及优化调整

在乙烯氧化生成环氧乙烷的反应中,因原料供应和销售等问题,导致装置频繁调整负荷,再加上非计划停工以及在线仪表和离线分析不能准确的测定出系统中的氯含量,造成系统中氯含量大幅波动,通过对银催化剂S877长时间运行的数据进行分析,找出规律,优化EDC的加入量,保证催化剂选择性最优,同时确保了装置平稳优化运行。     

分光光度法测定水样中乙二醇和甲醛的含量

建立了一种同时测定水样中乙二醇和甲醛含量的方法。采用品红-亚硫酸分光光度法,以乙二醇为标样,乙二醇含量在0.4~2.0μg/mL的范围内线性关系较好,R=0.998 9,检出限为0.2μg/mL,平均回收率99.72%。该方法简便、可靠,可作为水样中乙二醇和甲醛的含量测定方法。     

乙丙橡胶门尼粘度标准物质的定值与不确定度评定

定值是标准物质研制的重要环节,也是标准物质研制水平高低的体现。标准物质研制中定值的准确和不确定度度评定的合理则对标准物质研制的水平和推广应用起着重要的作用。对均匀性、稳定性检验后符合标准物质研制的乙丙橡胶(EPDM)4050样品,联合多家实验室进行定值。EPDM 4050门尼粘度标准物质参与定值的各实验室的数据在0.01的显著水平时,定值的数据处于正态分布、无可疑值、处于等精度,定值数据的平均值为EPDM 4050门尼粘度标准物质的标称值,EPDM 4050标准物质在ML(1+4)100℃、ML(1+8)100℃下的标称值分别为42.4±0.5、40.4±0.4。     

Shape controlled synthesis and characterization of Cu2O nanostructures assisted by composite surfactants system

A simple methodology has been demonstrated to synthesize various nanocrystalline Cu₂O materials assisted by composite surfactant system, SDS and Tween 80 using the polyol method. Glycolaldehyde prepared in situ by heating ethylene glycol solvent at 160 °C for 2 h, was utilized as the reducing agent. The relative ratio of the two surfactants was manipulated to achieve different Cu₂O morphologies, e.g. nanocrystalline Cu₂O flowers, hollow spheres consisting of holes and ring type structure. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that the SDS and Tween 80 moieties were indeed present on the surface as capping agents in order to stabilize the surface nanocrystallites by the co-ordinative interactions between the oxygen atoms of Tween 80 and SDS and the Cu atoms at the surface of the synthesized Cu₂O particles. These oxygen atoms eventually encourage the oxidation of the surface Cu atoms to form a thin CuO layer, presence of which on the surface was corroborated by the XPS measurements. Sputtering of the samples was also carried out to remove the surface CuO thin layer and expose the inner Cu₂O. These nanomaterials were then investigated for their potential applications in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye.     

A facile method for preparation of high performance Pt catalyst supported on multi-wall carbon nanotubes for methanol electrooxidation

Due to the inherent inertness of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), complicated procedures are involved in the preparation of MWCNT-supported catalysts. In this paper, a facile and effective method is introduced to prepare Pt nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of purified MWCNTs. In this method, sodium phthalate (SP) is used as a special additive to function as an effective cross linker between MWCNTs and Pt ions, and ethylene glycol (EG) aqueous solution is used as an effective solvent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal that the prepared face-centered cubic Pt nanoparticles with the average diameter of 2.2 nm are well dispersed on the surface of the MWCNTs. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests demonstrate that the Pt/MWCNTs catalyst obtained from typical experiment exhibits better catalytic activity and stability for methanol electrooxidation than the Pt catalyst supported on conventional acid-treated MWCNTs (AO-MWCNTs) and JM commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst.     

羊毛硫化染料生态染色工艺的研究

依据羊毛纤维的特点及硫化染料的特性,研究了硫化染料用于羊毛染色的应用,拓展了硫化染料的应用范围.通过对采用不同pH值、还原剂种类、还原剂用量及盐进行染色实验,选择葡萄糖作为还原剂,确定了较理想的染色工艺条件.     

乙烷-氧-水氧化裂解制乙烯反应的研究

研究了不同反应体系组成的乙烷造反然的反应性能,考究了乙烷－氧－水反应体系氧化裂解制乙烯的反应条件。结果表明,在不同反应体系中,以Ｃ２Ｈ６－Ｏ２－Ｈ２Ｏ氧化裂解制乙烯反应性能最佳,８００℃的乙烷转化率为８５．１％,乙烯选择性为６８．１％,乙烯收率可达５８％,Ｃ２Ｈ６－Ｏ２－Ｈ２Ｏ氧化裂解帛乙烯体系最佳工艺参数;反应温度为８５０℃,原料气组成为５０．５％,Ｃ２Ｈ６＋２５．２％Ｏ２＋２４．３％Ｈ２Ｏ停留     

二氧化硫氨浸及溶剂萃取钴壳

钴壳用二氧化硫气体作还原剂进行了氨浸,研究了浸出时间、浸出温度和碳酸铵浓度对镍、钴、铜、铁和锰浸出的影响.二氧化硫作还原剂,用碳酸铵溶液可实现从钴壳中选择性浸出镍、钴和铜.在适当的浸出条件下,金属元素的浸出率分别为Ni90%,Co97%,Cu93%,Fe1.8%和Mn6.0%.采用溶剂萃取从碳酸铵溶液中分离镍、钴、和铜.萃取试验用LIX-84作萃取剂,铜和镍的萃取率在99%以上,钴则在1.0%以下.钴的萃取被亚硫酸盐离子遮蔽.含有镍和铜的有机相用稀硫酸或盐酸在pH=1.7时反萃镍,pH=0时反萃铜.     

Encapsulation of PV modules using ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a pottant: A critical review

The primary purpose of this work is to review the literature about what is and is not known about using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA0 copolymer as the encapsulant (or pottant) material in photovoltaic (PV) modules. Secondary purposes include elucidating the complexity of the encapsulation problem, providing an overview about encapsulation of PV cells and modules, providing a historical overview of the relevant research and development on EVA, summarizing performance losses reported for PV systems deployed since ca. 1981, and summarizing the general problems of polymer stability in a solar environment. We also provide a critical review of aspects of reported work for cases that we believe are important.Failure modes resolved in the early work to establish reliability of deployed modules and the purposes and properties of pottants, are summarized. Typical performance losses in large field-deployed, large-scale systems ranging from 1% to 10% per year are given quantitatively, and qualitative reports of EVA discoloration are summarized with respect to ultraviolet (UV), world-wide location and site dependence.The general stability of polymers and their desirable bulk properties for solar utilization are given. The stabilization formulation for EVA, its effectiveness, and changes in it during degradation are discussed. The degradation mechanisms for the base resin, e.g., unstabilized Elvax 150^TM, and stabilized EVA are indicated for literature dating to the early 1950s, and the role played by unsaturated chromophores is indicated. The limited number of studies relating discoloration and PV cell efficiency are summarized.Observed degradation of EVA or the unstabilized base resin in the laboratory and examples used to measure the degradation are summarized in sections entitled: (1) thermally-induced degradation; (2) photodegradation and photothermal degradation of EVA in different temperature regimes; (3) photobleaching and photodegradation of the UV absorber and cross-linking agent; (4) acetic acid and metal and metal-oxide catalyzed oxidative degradation; and (5) discolaration and PV cell efficiency losses.Processing effects/influences on EVA stability are discussed in sections entitled: (1) EVA raw materials and extruded, uncured films; (2) thermal encapsulation processes; (3) effects of lamination, curing, and curing peroxide on gel content and chromophores formed; and (4) incomplete shielding of curing-generated chromophores. A summary is given for the limited number of accelerated lifetime testing efforts and examples of erroneous service lifetime predictions for EVA are discussed. The known factors that effect the discoloration rate of several EVA formulations are discussed in which the reduction in rate by using UV-absorbing superstrates is a prime example. A summary is given of what is and is not known about EVA degradation mechanisms, degradation from exposures in field-deployed modeules and/or laboratory testing, and factors that contribute to EVA stability or degradation. Finally, conclusions about using Elvax 150 in EVA formulations are summarized, and future prospects for developing the next-generation pottant for encapsulating PV modules are discussed.