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31.
通过对广州石化乙烯厂裂解原料、收率、运行状况进行分析,揭示石脑油质量波动对乙烯收率的影响,研究了乙烯收率的偏低原因,并提出原料频繁变化条件下,原料优化运作和COT调整对策。 相似文献
32.
Experimental cloud-point data to temperature of 186 °C and pressure of ~2,500 bar are presented for ternary mixtures of poly(propyl
acrylate)(PPA)-CO2-propyl acrylate (PA) PPA-C2H4-PA and poly(propyl methacrylate) (PPMA)-CO2-propyl methacrylate (PMA) systems. Cloud-point pressures of PPA-CO2-PA system were measured in the temperature range of 32 °C to 175 dgC and to pressures as high as 2,070 bar with PA concentrations
of 0.0, 5.0, 11.7 and 30.4 wt%. Adding 34.1 wt% PA to the PPA-CO2 mixture significantly changes the phase behavior. This system changes the pressure-temperature slope of the phase behavior
curves from U-LCST region to LCST region as the PA concentration increases. Cloud-point data to 170 °C and 1,400 bar are presented
for PPA-C2H4-PA mixtures and with PA concentration of 0.0, 5.7, 15.5 and 22.2 wt%. The cloud-point curve of PPA-C2H4 system shows relatively flat at 730 bar for temperatures between 41 and 150 °C. With 15.5 and 22.2 wt% PA the cloud-point
curve exhibits a positive slope that extends to 35 °C and ~180 bar. Also, the ternary PPMA-CO2-PMA system was measured below
186 °C and 2,484 bar, and with cosolvent of 5.2-20.1 wt%. PPMA does not dissolve in pure CO2 to 233 °C and 2,500 bar. Also, when 41.5 wt% PMA is added to the PPMA-CO2 solution, the cloud-point curve shows the typical appearance of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) boundary. 相似文献
33.
34.
通过开展技术攻关,开发、采用在线反吹、"波动法"除垢、高效阻垢剂、在线检测与专家诊断系统等乙烯装置长周期运行技术,解决了裂解炉对流段超温、急冷油塔和裂解气压缩机结垢、乙炔前加氢反应器稳定性差等影响长周期运行的技术难题,实现了乙烯装置连续运转6年,创国内乙烯装置长周期运行新纪录,达到国际先进水平. 相似文献
35.
36.
The different low temperature coordination modes of ethylene and butadiene on a platinum (111) face, (110) face and on a palladium (111) face are compared on the basis of extended Hückel calculations. The nature of the chemical interaction between the olefin and the surface is detailed and the electronic factors that govern the coordination mode of the hydrocarbon are underlined. The different surfaces are modelled by a 49 or a 44 atoms cluster. A correction is applied in the calculation in order to minimize the artefact introduced by this cluster representation of an extended surface. For the adsorption, the respective importance of two electrons interactions and four electrons repulsions is the key point for the determination of the preferred mode. The di- coordination is more stable on platinum (111) but on the platinum (110) face the coordination yields the same adsorption energy than the di- one. This is roughly the same result for the palladium (111) face. The mode is there favored by a decrease of the four electrons repulsions caused either by a smaller number of metal neighbours for the surface atom (Pt(110)) or by a reduced radial expansion of the metal orbitals (Pd(111)). This coordination is associated with a smaller hybridization of the ethylene molecule. The results are extended to the adsorption of butadiene and this allows a qualitative explanation of the better selectivity for butadiene partial hydrogenation on palladium compared with platinum. 相似文献
37.
38.
In the conventional metallothermic reduction (MR) process used to obtain tantalum powder in batch-type operation, it is difficult
to control the morphology and location of the tantalum deposits. In contrast, an electronically mediated reaction (EMR) process
is capable of overcoming this difficulty. It has the advantage of being a continuous process, but has the disadvantage of
a poor reduction yield. A process known as the MR-EMR combination process is able to overcome the shortcomings of the MR and
EMR processes. In this study, an MR-EMR combination process is applied to the production of tantalum powder via sodium reduction
of K2TaF7. In the MR-EMR combination process, the total charge passed through an external circuit and the average particle size (FSSS)
increase as the reduction temperature increases. In addition, the proportion of fine particles (−325 mesh) decreases as the
reduction temperature increasess. The tantalum yield improved from 65 to 74% as the reduction temperature increased. Taking
into account the charge, impurities, morphology, particle size and yield, a reduction temperature of 1123 K was found to be
optimum for the MR-EMR combination process. 相似文献
39.
This paper presents a multivariable nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme for the regulation of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) autoclave reactor. A detailed mechanistic process model developed previously was used to describe the dynamics of the LDPE reactor and the properties of the polymer product. Closed-loop simulations are used to demonstrate the disturbance rejection and tracking performance of the NMPC algorithm for control of reactor temperature and weight-averaged molecular weight (WAMW). In addition, the effect of parametric uncertainty in the kinetic rate constants of the LDPE reactor model on closed-loop performance is discussed. The unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) algorithm is employed to estimate plant states and disturbances. All control simulations were performed under conditions of noisy process measurements and structural plant–model mismatch. Where appropriate, the performance of the NMPC algorithm is contrasted with that of linear model predictive control (LMPC). It is shown that for this application the closed-loop performance of the UKF based NMPC scheme is very good and is superior to that of the linear predictive controller. 相似文献
40.
堵祖荫 《化学反应工程与工艺》1993,9(4):451-455
对于含有众多复什碳氢化合物的裂解汽油、裂解柴油和裂解燃料油等宽馏分以及氢、轻烃、大量水分的裂解气,采用虚拟组分以减少组分总数、用惰性气体描述水在烃类中的相行为,以物流混合和闪蒸过程组成一个闪蒸平衡级,并以逐级闪蒸计算来描述乙烯装置的裂解气分馏塔。 相似文献