�ݼ����߷����������Ϸ�

通过对J.J.Arps方程的推导,提出了油气藏产量递减曲线分析的最佳拟合法。用该法可直接求出递减指数N、初始递减率D1及油气递减前的稳定产量Qi,避免了使用试差法的大量运算过程,大大提高了油气藏工程中指标预测的精度。     

如何调动加油站站长的工作积极性

根据加油站效益的增长关系到成品油销售企业生存与发展的重要地位，以及加油站站长职能逐步由管理向经营、经理人转变的实际情况，指出做好加油站的经营管理工作，最大限度地调动加油站站长的工作积极性是企业必须认真研究解决的问题。阐述了调动站长积极性应做好如下工作：建立优胜劣汰的站长选聘机制；赋予站长应有的管理权力；站长实行“特岗特薪”，体现站长责、权、利的统一；制定公平、客观的业绩考核激励机制；强化站长培训，提高站长的综合素质和专业技术水平。     

节流式差压流量计的发展和现状

文章介绍节流式差压流量计的特点及标准化进程，煤气流量测量中存在的难点以及正在试图解决的途径。     

煤气设施防腐实践及影响质量因素分析

根据近几年三明钢铁公司煤气设施的防腐实践，就影响煤气设施的质量因素进行了分析。     

提高热采注汽系统热效率的研究

为了降低热采成本和提高经济效益 ,建立了热采注汽系统热效率的数学模型。根据实测数据计算了 9个注汽系统的热效率。提出了改进注汽系统热效率的行之有效的措施。根据排烟的氧含量的大小 ,可以确定注汽锅炉热效率改进程度 ;按管线允许热损失量和保温材料种类 ,设计保温层厚度 ,可大大提高输汽管线热效率。仅此两项 ,即可使大部分注汽系统热效率提高 7%以上 ,井底蒸汽干度提高 10 %以上。     

KINETICS OF HYDROCARBON GAS GENERATION FROM MARINE KEROGEN AND OIL: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF NATURAL GASES IN THE HETIANHE GASFIELD, TARIM BASIN, NW CHINA

In this paper we derive kinetic parameters for the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1‐5) and methane (C₁) from closed‐system laboratory pyrolysis of selected samples of marine kerogen and oil from the SW Tarim Basin. The activation energy distributions for the generation of both C_1‐5 (Ea = 59‐72kcal, A = 1.0×10¹⁴ s^?1) and C₁ (Ea = 61‐78kcal, A = 6.06×10¹⁴ s^?1) hydrocarbons from the marine oil are narrower than those for the generation of these hydrocarbons from marine kerogen (Ea = 50‐74kcal, A = 1.0×10¹⁴ s^?1 for C_1‐5; and Ea = 48‐72kcal, A=3.9×10¹³ s^?1 for C₁, respectively). Using these kinetic parameters, both the yields and timings of C_1‐5 and C₁ hydrocarbons generated from Cambrian source rocks and from in‐reservoir cracking of oil in Ordovician strata were predicted for selected wells along a north‐south profile in the SW of the basin. Thermodynamic conditions for the cracking of oil and kerogen were modelled within the context of the geological framework. It is suggested that marine kerogen began to crack at temperatures of around 120°C (or 0.8 %Ro) and entered the gas window at 138°C (or 1.05 %Ro); whereas the marine oil began to crack at about 140 °C (or 1.1 %Ro) and entered the gas window at 158 °C (or 1.6%Ro). The main geological controls identified for gas accumulations in the Bachu Arch (Southwest Depression, SW Tarim Basin) include the remaining gas potential following Caledonian uplift; oil trapping and preservation in basal Ordovician strata; the extent of breaching of Ordovician reservoirs; and whether reservoir burial depths are sufficiently deep for oil cracking to have occurred. In the Maigaiti Slope and Southwest Depression, the timing of gas generation was later than that in the Bachu Arch, with much higher yields and generation rates, and hence better prospects for gas exploration. It appears from the gas generation kinetics that the primary source for the gases in the Hetianhe gasfield was the Southwest Depression.     

高含酸性气碳酸盐岩气藏流体敏感性实验研究

对川东北雷口坡组、嘉陵江组、飞仙关组、长兴组高含H，S及032的碳酸盐岩储层流体敏感性进行了实验研究，结果表明岩样速敏损害弱～强，水敏和盐敏损害中偏弱～极强，碱敏损害严重。岩石学分析揭示，川东北高含酸性气碳酸盐岩储层发育伊利石、微晶石英、白云石、方解石、硫化钙等潜在损害物质。钻井完井液侵入会破坏储层各物质间的原始动态平衡，诱发储层损害。主要损害机理为：①储层流体pH增加引起黏土矿物以及微晶石英失稳；②碱液与微晶石英、长石、白云石反应生成硅酸盐、高岭石、水镁石等新矿相；③流体矿化度改变可降低伊利石微粒间的连接力；④硫化钙水解产生OH^-，过量的OH-与Ca^2＋结合形成氢氧化钙沉淀；⑤储层含水饱和度和流体离子浓度改变，致使焦沥青脱附并在储层深部沉积；⑥硬石膏水化膨胀、分散运移。针对该气藏损害机理，可采用屏蔽暂堵技术以形成优质滤饼，有效降低储层流体敏感性损害。图5表2参10。     

砂岩储集层微波加热产生微裂缝的机理及意义

微波加热无需介质传热,具有升温速度快、热惯性小、选择性加热、穿透力强、过程易于控制等优点,已被试验性地应用于石油开采中。但有关微波加热对储集层岩石微观结构影响的研究还很缺乏,限制了该项技术在油气开采领域的广泛应用。通过实验手段研究了微波加热前后砂岩岩样微观结构变化、微裂缝产生机理及特征。结果表明,砂岩在微波加热过程中容易产生微裂缝,且不同岩石的微波加热致裂机理不尽相同,主要包括:矿物失水收缩、颗粒粒间开裂和颗粒内部开裂,低渗透致密砂岩刚性颗粒的粒内开裂作用显著。微波加热产生的微裂缝具非定向特征,即使在应力的作用下有一部分裂缝会发生闭合,但仍有大量微裂缝可以起到增加渗透率的作用。井下微波加热的致裂作用有助于改善近井区域渗流能力,提高低渗透油气藏的开采效率。图4参15     

An integrated system of biological and catalytic oxidation for the removal of o-xylene from exhaust

Biofiltration is an efficient technology for treatment of gaseous waste. Its disadvantages, however, include large volume of bioreactor and slow adaptation to fluctuating concentrations in waste gas. Catalytic oxidation offers a high destructive efficiency at relatively low operating temperature and small unit. A bench scale system integrated with a biofilter and a catalytic oxidation unit for the treatment of gases containing o-xylene was investigated in this study. The catalytic oxidation unit was packed with Cu/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The results showed that 90% of o-xylene could be removed in the biofilter at the load below 38.2 g m⁻³ h⁻¹. High o-xylene concentration in inlet gas resulted in an overload of the biofilter. Using the Cu/Al₂O₃ catalytic oxidation unit, the concentration of o-xylene could be reduced evidently. The combination of the chemical and microbial processes not only led to a high and stable efficiency of o-xylene conversion, but also improved capacity resisting the shock loads. The Cu/Al₂O₃ was studied for o-xylene oxidation in temperature range of 90–320 °C. The o-xylene conversion was improved correspondingly with the increasing of oxidation temperature. The reaction mechanism of o-xylene oxidation on Cu/Al₂O₃ was also investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).