Phase equilibria in InAsSbP quaternary alloys grown by liquid phase epitaxy

The quaternary alloy InAs_1−x−ySb_xP_y, lattice-matched to InAs, is a promising material for the production of infrared light sources for the detection of gases in the 2–4 μm region of the spectrum. In this work, thermodynamic phase equilibrium calculations have been carried out to determine the compositions required for liquid phase epitaxial growth and the extent of the miscibility gap in the solid material. For high band gap materials, the desired growth temperature is found to be intermediate between a low temperature required to grow P-rich solids and higher temperatures required to avoidspinodal decomposition. Conventional LPE growth at an intermediate temperature of 583°C is found to produce good material with high luminescence efficiency and excellent optical characteristics. Problems with phosphorus loss from the melt are also discussed and lower growth temperatures are found to considerably reduce this problem. Growth in the metastable region between the binodal and spinodal lines has been achieved with the production of phosphorus-rich solids with concentrations up to y = 0.445.     

Continuous liquid-phase valorization of bio-ethanol towards bio-butanol over metal modified alumina

Commercial mixed-phase aluminum oxide was used as a heterogeneous catalyst support, providing slightly basic properties which are well-suited for the condensation of bio-ethanol to C₄ hydrocarbons, such as 1-butanol. Different metals (Cu, Ni and Co), at various metal loadings were deposited on the support. Consequently, the catalytic reactions were carried out in a continuous laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor operated at 240 °C and 70 bar. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS and ICP-OES. Different metals were found to give entirely different product distributions. With the best catalysts, the selectivities towards 1-butanol close to 70% were reached, while the ethanol conversion typically varied between 10 and 30% – strongly depending on the metal applied. It was observed that low loading of copper and high loading of nickel were responsible for the formation of 1-butanol, whereas cobalt and high loading of copper resulted in the production of ethyl acetate. The reaction was found to be extremely sensitive to catalyst preparation conditions and procedures such as metal loading, calcination/reduction temperature and, thereby, to the formation of corresponding crystallite structure.     

制冷系统液体冷媒融霜与电热融霜的对比研究

对冷库冷风机液体冷媒融霜和电热融霜过程中,库温的升高状况和能耗大小进行了实验研究。介绍了液体冷媒融霜实验原理和自动控制操作过程,电热融霜和液体冷媒融霜库温升高实验的装置和方法。对比分析实验结果,重点对库温升高状况和融霜能耗进行了分析研究,结果表明：液体冷媒融霜过程比电热融霜过程的库温升高约少10℃,在库房无负荷的条件下,液体冷媒融霜过程各工况库温平均升高几乎为零;液体冷媒融霜比电热融霜时间约长25 min ,能耗降低9％。     

脂肽生物表面活性剂在微生物采油中的应用

对从大庆油田分离到的一株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)ZW-3代谢的脂肽生物表面活性剂的理化性质(CMC值、乳化活性、对温度、矿化度的稳定性、降低油水界面张力能力)进行了测定,同时进行了物理模拟实验。研究结果表明,该脂肽表面活性剂具有优良的乳化和降低油水界面张力的能力,并可以适应油藏中复杂的环境,可提高采收率9.2%。在微生物采油中具有较好的应用前景。     

An experimental study on bubble growth within a narrow space under an interference‐piece

An experimental study was performed on the nucleate boiling of water in the narrow space formed between an interference piece and the heating surface of heat‐proof glass. A past study analyzed the bubble growth due to the conduction of heat through the thinner liquid layer under a growing bubble; however, the thickness of the liquid layer was not shown experimentally. This study investigates the thickness of this thinner layer by the interference method. Almost no change was found on the thickness of the liquid layer under both the interference‐piece and on the heating surface. The experimental results indicate the great contribution of superheating of the test liquid to bubble growth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(2): 165–177, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20100     

多效回热降膜蒸发式太阳能液体除湿空调溶液再生器的稳态实验

设计了一种具有多效回热可用于太阳能液体除湿空调系统的溶液再生器,用碘钨灯作为模拟太阳光源对系统进行了稳态实验,得到出口浓度与光辐射强度、溶液流量、强迫对流风速和入口溶液浓度的关系曲线,给出了系统性能系数与太阳光强度的关系,并对装置的传热传质关系作了简化计算,对影响系统性能的其他因素也进行了分析。实验结果表明,由于系统采用了多效回热措施,系统的回热率相对太阳辐射能来说达到32%。由实验结果估计,在晴好天气条件下,该系统每天每平方米集热器可处理LiBr溶液量(47%～52%)约86kg。     

Computational modelling of unsaturated flow of liquid in heap leaching—using the results of column tests to calibrate the model

Unsaturated flow of liquid in a bed of uniform and spherical ore particles is studied numerically and experimentally. An unsteady and two-dimensional model is developed based on the mass conservation equations of liquid phase in the bed and in the particles. The model equations are solved using a fully implicit finite difference method giving the distribution of the degree of saturation in the particles and in the bed and the vertical velocity of flow in the bed, as well as, the effect of periodic infiltration on the above distributions. To calibrate the computational model, several column tests are performed using periodic infiltration of water on 40 cm high columns composed of ore having particles smaller than 25 mm. The numerical analysis shows that (a) the results obtained from numerical modelling under the same operating conditions as used for column tests, are in good agreement with those from experimental procedure, (b) the degree of saturation of the bed and the time required to reach steady state conditions depend on the inflow of water and intrinsic permeability of the bed and (c) the velocity fluctuations and the fluctuations of the degree of saturation in the bed depend on the inflow of water, period of infiltration, height and intrinsic permeability of the bed.     

基于光强选通成像的液晶透过谱研究

为了更好地将液晶器件应用于选通成像系统中,从理论上推导出了液晶器件透过率与波长、折射率、电压之间的关系。从双折射率与光强的关系定量分析了扭曲向列相液晶的色散效应。用光栅光谱仪选择380～1100nm波段,以SONY公司LCX023CMT型号的TFT-LCD为样品,测试了液晶器件在不同灰度级和波长下的透射率。研究结果表明:液晶器件在可见光波段色散较小,随着灰度值的增加,色散增大;通过自制的光强局部选通成像系统对同一物体进行了对比拍摄,选通后的照片表明液晶器件的色散对成像质量影响不大;该液晶器件对红外光线有近12%的透过率,证明其可以实现近红外波段的强光局部选通成像。     

开环双波段人眼视网膜成像液晶自适应光学系统设计

设计了一套基于开环双波段模式的人眼视网膜成像液晶自适应光学系统。该光学系统分别采用夏克-哈特曼波前传感器和液晶空间光调制器来探测和校正波前畸变。探测波段采用830nm近红外光,成像波段采用790nm近红外光。采用开环模式以提高光能利用率和系统的稳定性,采用双波段模式以增大视场。新加入了瞳孔监控子系统和响应矩阵测量子系统,使系统更加灵活方便。介绍了系统的关键参数,并通过ZEMAX软件对光学系统进行模拟分析,认为系统可以达到接近衍射极限的效果。传递函数MTF@50lp/mm达到0.25(对应视网膜上3μm),满足设计要求。     

Packaging technology of LEDs for LCD backlights

traditional package method of a yellow phosphor with a blue chip. However, its light efficiency needs to be further improved for the use of backlights for LCDs.