Analysis of TRIPS Agreement and the justification of international IP rights protection in the WTO's multilateral trading system,with particular reference to pharmaceutical patents

The entry of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement has seen the developing countries and the least developed countries (LDCs) suffer from the excessive burden of obligations imposed under the Agreement to embrace and implement a higher standard of intellectual property (IP) protection. One of the areas where the impact of the measures is most felt is on accessibility to affordable medicines for frontline treatment of diseases in developing countries and LDCs, where the majority of the HIV/AIDS sufferers come from. This inevitable plight, although well known, and posited by the developing countries and LDCs during the Uruguay round of negotiations, was overlooked. This also necessitated the Doha Deceleration, which does not seem to have addressed the problem. The developed countries have also successfully utilised the TRIPS Agreement's IP rights protection criteria as a benchmark, to develop a much higher IP rights protection agenda through the introduction of TRIPS-plus provisions in bilateral and other multilateral agreements entered into with developing countries. The winners in the game are the patent-holding pharmaceutical corporations, software corporations, media corporations, and the developed countries where they are incorporated. The ones at the receiving end are the developing countries and the LDCs who were promised technology transfer to build a modern economy by the developed countries, but are faced with multiple problems of non-availability of affordable medicines for health care, besides others. This article seeks to study the justification for an extended IP rights protection under the TRIPS Agreement through an analysis of the philosophical underpinnings of the IP rights and the patent regime. It will be argued that the TRIPS Agreement is a major obstacle that the developing countries and the LDCs have been made to face as Members of the WTO (World Trade Organisation), with no end in sight for their miseries, and that the only possible solution is a review or an amendment of the TRIPS Agreement.     

GPU加速在第一性原理输运研究中的应用

分子器件中的第一性原理输运计算比普通的密度泛函计算要慢很多,其最根本原因在于密度矩阵计算方法的不同。本文将 GPU 加速应用于第一性原理的输运计算,重点实现相关矩阵运算的加速。测试结果表明,在单次迭代中,对于较大的体系,相对于调用 MKL 库,密度矩阵的运算速度在单个 Tesla M2090 可以提高一个数量级以上,在 Tesla K20m 上则可以提高 20 倍以上,从而取得了很好的加速效果,而且体系越大,加速效果越好。     

计算机网络设计中关系数据库技术的应用

随着信息化技术的发展,计算机网络设计逐渐兴起并讯速发展。在计算机网络设计过程中,其工序相当复杂,因此需要建立与其相关的数据库保障计算机网络设计。关系数据库技术根据数据库中数据的相关性储存、调度数据,从而使其更好地服务于计算机网络设计。本文简要论述了关系数据库的概况、关系数据库在计算机网络设计中的辅助功能,分析了关系数据库技术在计算机网络设计中的基本原理并探讨了它在计算机网络设计中的优势。     

蛟河市池水橡胶坝工程复核计算分析

池水橡胶坝工程是池水灌区渠首工程,位于蛟河市蛟西大桥下游272米处,在蛟河支流拉法河下游,流域面积995平方公里。橡胶坝原设计标准为50年一遇洪水,设计洪水流量980立方米/秒,灌溉面积700公顷。橡胶坝岸墙断裂、错位,充水系统报废,坝袋老化达不到设计要求,配电线路老化失修,交通桥破坏达不到设计标准,存在安全隐患,金属设备锈蚀老化,橡胶坝上下游淤积较严重等问题,针对上述等问题建议对该橡胶坝做以下工作:进行闸室的整体稳定性、抗渗稳定性、橡胶坝过水能力、消能防冲和结构强度等复核计算.     

无线传感器网络拓扑控制的理论探讨

拓扑控制是无线传感器网络中重要的节能技术,并且已经形成了功率控制和睡眠调度两个主流研究方向。针对当前研究工作中存在的问题,对拓扑控制进行了基础性的研究。全面地考虑了网络的通信能耗和空闲能耗,在理想情况下给出了以最小化能耗为目标的拓扑控制问题的一个明确定义;证明了这个问题是NP-难的,同时非形式化地讨论了更实际的拓扑控制问题的计算复杂性;并且在此基础上,进一步提出了关于如何设计能量高效的拓扑控制协议的3个必要性原则。希望本研究成果有助于探索更好的拓扑控制协议。     

编译原理教学中创造性思维能力的培养

阐述了在编译原理教学中,从调动内驱力、提倡发散思维、提倡探究学习、培养抽象思维四个方面入手,加强学生创造性思维能力的培养,给出了教学实施的具体步骤和方法。多年的教学实践证明,达到了预期的目的。     

舵机控制用PWM信号的研究与实现

当前生成PWM信号的方法繁多,生成的PWM信号的质量也参差不齐。针对这种现象,提出了PWM信号生成方法合理性评价四原则,实现了对各种生成PWM信号的方法具体全面的评价。然后提出了一种分时成组原理,利用这一原理,实现了一种基于C8051F040单片机的舵机控制用PWM信号生成方法。最后利用PWM信号生成方法合理性评价的四条原则,对此方法的合理性进行了评价。在实践中证明了评价结论的正确性。     

基于预测的最长队列优先调度算法

提出了一个基于预测的最长队列优先(PLQF)调度算法,该算法不仅考虑队列当前长度,还考虑了即将到来的流量信息,根据这一信息,资源被分配给最可能发生溢出的用户,通过预先调整队列长度以满足即将到来的流量,降低了丢包率(CLR),同时提高了缓存的利用率。理论分析表明,PLQF算法可以获得比传统LQF算法更低的CLR,仿真结果证实了PLQF算法的CLR只有传统LQF算法的10%~60%。     

二次拟合：一种提高软件可靠性模型精度的新方法

针对软件可靠性模型精度不高的问题,提出了"一次建模 + 二次拟合"的方法,通过误差补偿机制来提高模型精度,并将该方法应用于航天软件失效数据集.实践结果表明,提出的方法对于提高软件可靠性模型精度是有效的.