Concentrations of Foliar Quercetin in Natural Populations of White Birch (Betula pubescens) Increase with Latitude

We investigated latitudinal and regional variations in the composition and concentrations of foliar flavonoids and condensed tannins in wild populations of white birch (Betula pubescens EHRH) in a large climatic transect in Finland. Concentrations of quercetin derivatives were correlated positively with latitude. By contrast, the concentrations of apigenin and naringenin derivatives were correlated negatively with latitude. These compound-specific latitudinal gradients compensated each other, resulting in no changes in the concentration of total flavonoids. Our results thus demonstrate a qualitative, but not quantitative, latitude-associated gradient in the foliar flavonoids in white birch. Due to higher antioxidant capacity of the quercetin derivatives in relation to other flavonoids, the qualitative change can reflect higher adaptation to light in the north than south. An investigation on a regional scale in the northern boreal zone showed that the temperature sum was correlated positively and soil P concentration was correlated negatively with the concentrations of foliar flavonoid, while the concentration of condensed tannins was correlated with slope. The variation in concentrations of flavonoids at large-scale geographical patterns is in line with the conjecture that foliar flavonoids are synthesized for protection against photooxidative stress.     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液中总黄酮含量的测定

以芦丁为标准物质 ,用分光光度法测定了甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液中黄酮类化合物的含量。此法排除了废液中其他物质的干扰 ,重现性好 ,平均回收率达 97.2 3% ,是一种较为快速的测定废液中总黄酮含量的新方法。为废液中黄酮类化合物的提取和开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Determination of flavonoids in propolis-rich functional foods by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection

A method of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 10 common flavonoids in propolis-rich functional foods. Flavonoids in a sample were extracted with methanol in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min and then chromatographically separated on a C₁₈ column. The binary mobile phase, composed of water with 1% tetrahydrofuran (pH = 2.5) and acetonitrile, was used for gradient elution. The proposed method revealed a good linearity between the peak area of each analyte and its concentration. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 1.90% and 4.91%, respectively. Recoveries were within the range of 84.2–118.7%. LODs and LOQs were 0.043–0.232 μg mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3) and 0.007–0.039 mg g⁻¹ (S/N = 10), respectively. The proposed method provided a simple and rapid routine analysis of common flavonoids in propolis-rich functional foods which are popular on the market nowadays.     

Antifungal activity of natural and enzymatically-modified flavonoids isolated from citrus species

The antifungal activity of isolated flavonoids from Citrus species, such as naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin, and enzymatically-modified derivatives of these compounds, was studied on four fungi often found as food contaminants: Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium semitectum and Penicillium expansum. Although all the flavonoids showed antifungal activity, the intensity of this activity depended on the type of fungus and compound used. The hesperetin glucoside laurate strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum, while prunin decanoate was the most inhibiting flavonoid for A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and F. semitectum.     

微波萃取——分光光度法测定党参中黄酮的研究

采用微波辅助萃取法提取党参中的黄酮,以分光光度法测定党参中黄酮的质量浓度。通过单因素实验考察了乙醇体积分数、料液比、萃取温度、萃取时间对黄酮萃取效果的影响。结果表明,微波萃取党参中黄酮的优化工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数70%,料液比为1:30,萃取温度85℃,萃取时间15min。在最优条件下测得党参中黄酮的提取率为2.87%,相对标准偏差为0.878%(n=5),回收率在99%～102%。     

黄酮类天然产物功效成分提取和纯化技术的研究进展

综述了近年来黄酮类天然产物功效成分提取以及分离纯化方法的研究进展,为研究工作者开发利用黄酮类功效成分提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

银杏叶黄酮类化合物提取方法的研究

对纤维素酶预处理和甲基化β-环糊精溶液相结合提取银杏叶总黄酮的工艺进行了探讨,考察了料液比、酶浓度、温度、时间及pH值对酶解效果的影响,以及M-β-环糊精浓度、温度和时间对浸提效果的影响。得到最佳酶解预处理条件为：经料液比（银杏叶质量与纤维素酶溶液体积之比）1／60、酶质量浓度0．2mg／mL、酶解温度40℃、酶解介质pH=6．5、酶解时间150min处理后,在M—β-环糊精质量分数2．0%、温度60℃条件下浸提180min,总黄酮得率可达2．68％。该工艺为银杏叶黄酮类化合物提取提供了新途径,同时避免了有机溶剂的使用,便于纯化,值得推广。     

模拟消化中小扁豆活性物质释放和抗氧化能力变化

为了解小扁豆中活性物质在消化过程的变化规律,以白、红、黑、绿4种颜色小扁豆为原料,采用体外模拟消化模型研究口腔、胃和肠消化过程中多酚、黄酮和花青素等活性物质释放和抗氧化能力变化。结果表明：4种颜色小扁豆多酚在消化过程中逐渐释放,肠消化阶段释放量最大,模拟消化结束时,白、红、黑、绿小扁豆多酚释放量分别为1.76、1.91、1.94和2.56 mg GAE/g;黄酮和花青素在胃消化阶段释放量最大,模拟消化结束时,黄酮释放量分别为0.82、1.75、4.15和3.92 mg R/g,花青素释放量分别为0.06、0.15、0.19和0.20 mg/g;黑、绿小扁豆活性物质释放量高于红、白小扁豆。模拟消化过程中,不同消化阶段小扁豆消化产物抗氧化能力具有显著差异（P<0.05）,胃消化阶段4种颜色小扁豆清除DPPH·能力较强,进入肠消化后,DPPH·清除能力显著减弱（P<0.05）,绿色小扁豆消化产物对DPPH·清除能力和铁离子还原力最强。相关性分析表明黄酮释放量和小扁豆抗氧化能力相关性更强,黄酮是小扁豆的主要抗氧化物质。