GC与GC/MS定量分析香料的比较

分别采用气相色谱法(GC)、气相色谱/质谱总离子流法[GC/MS(TIC)]、气相色谱/质谱选择离子法[GC/MS(SIM)]3种仪器测定方式和2种定量方法———峰面积归一化法和内标标准曲线法对13种香料标样进行了定量分析比较。比较的内容包括:测试方法的重复性、内标标准曲线以及应用内标标准曲线的定量结果。结果表明:①对于内标标准曲线法,GC和GC/MS(SIM)分析的13种香料的CV均不大于1%,多数香料的内标法标准曲线的r>0.999,显示出很好的线性关系和重复性,适宜进行准确的定量分析;②GC/MS(TIC)分析的重复性以及所得内标法标准曲线的线性关系一般;③3种仪器测试方式的峰面积归一化法定量结果与实际情况偏差较大,尤其是2种GC/MS方式。     

风鹅腌制优化工艺技术的研究

采用正交试验设计探讨了蛋白酶种类、腌制时间、腌制温度对风鹅风味和游离氨基酸产生及硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠、乳酸用量和腌制时间对风鹅发色的影响，结果表明蛋白酶种类、腌制时间、腌制温度对风鹅风味及游离氨基酸产生及硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠、乳酸用量和腌制时间对风鹅的发色均有显著性的影响。其最佳腌制条件如下：蛋白酶种类为毛霉蛋白酶＋青霉蛋白酶＋木瓜蛋白酶，腌制时间6h，腌制温度19℃，硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、异抗坏血酸钠和乳酸用量分别为250mg/kg、100mg/kg、200mg/kg和200mg/kg。     

DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN FLAVOR PERCEPTION AND MEASUREMENT—A REVIEW

Flavor perception and measurement play important roles in the development of food products. In an increasingly commercial environment, the food industry must strive to minimize adverse consumer reactions. This article gives an extensive overview on the various methods used for flavor measurement. Principles of flavor release and perception are discussed and applications to quality assessment are demonstrated.     

提高白肋烟质量及其可用性的技术研究

为解决国产白肋烟烟碱含量偏高、白肋烟特征香气不显著等问题 ,提高其质量及可用性 ,于1999- 2 0 0 1年对我国白肋烟的品种选育、高香味适宜烟碱栽培调制技术、质量与香味成分的关系、醇化技术等进行了系统研究。确定了目前国内产区生产优质白肋烟的品种 ;明确了降低烟碱含量和生产优质白肋烟的关键技术措施 ;揭示了国内外、国内不同地区、不同部位白肋烟的香味物质组成及其异同 ,考察了生长、采收和调制过程中国产白肋烟 2 0种重要香味成分的变化 ;找到了白肋烟醇化过程中烟叶品质的变化规律及醇化的最佳技术条件     

风味洋葱片的研制

以红皮洋葱为主要原料,通过对洋葱片加工过程中的护色、去辛辣味等工艺处理,对不同风味的洋葱片进行调香配方研究。结果表明,将洋葱在5%Nacl 溶液中护色20min、煮制2min。最佳配方:鲜味葱片味精0.6%,五香粉0.3%,白砂糖0.3%;辣味葱片:味精0.3%,辣椒粉0.3%,白砂糖0.3%;烧烤味葱片:味精0.3%,烧烤香粉0.6%,白砂糖0.3%的,调香后于85℃下热风干燥2.5小时,洋葱片的风味最佳。研制出的风味洋葱片色泽淡粉红、口感酥脆、营养丰富。     

鱼露的生产技术及风味物质

鱼露传统生产技术—天然发酵法虽呈味较好,但生产周期长、盐度高、有鱼腥味。近年来,保温、加酶、加曲等鱼露速酿方法逐步发展起来,大大缩短了鱼露发酵周期,且在风味上有所提高,具有较大的发展前景。     

棕色绵糖

介绍了国外市场上被认作具有特殊性能的棕色绵糖，并叙述了棕色绵糖的生产方法和应用范围，旨在为制糖企业开发新品种及提高附加值提供技术基础。     

金华火腿皮制作皮冻的研究

金华火腿的火腿皮经石灰水浸泡、预煮、刮脂、切碎、复煮、打浆、熬胶和冷却等工序制作成火腿皮冻。     

柠檬汁中游离态和键合态萜类化合物的研究

应用Amber lite XAD-2柱吸附,选用不同的溶剂洗脱从柠檬汁中提取和分离出游离态和糖苷键合态的香气组分。键合态组分经β-D-葡萄糖苷酶水解释放出挥发性糖苷配基。用气相色谱和质谱联用仪在游离态和键合态中分别检出了16种和9种萜类化合物,其中有5种为首次在柠檬香气中发现。酶法水解对柠檬香气有明显的增香作用。HPLC分析苷元可能是葡萄糖和鼠李糖。     

Bio-mediated generation of food flavors – Towards sustainable flavor production inspired by nature

BackgroundThe consumers’ trend toward naturalness and “clean-label” products advocates the development of “bio-mediated” tools including new processes for the generation of flavors. Today, many fundamental studies demonstrate the feasibility of producing individual flavor compounds or more complex flavoring preparations by fermentation or by enzymatic reactions. However, to turn research into industrial applications, the processes have to be simplified and optimized by combining chemistry, biology and process engineering know-how.Scope and approachThis review summarises recent basic research and development on cell and enzyme based formation of volatile flavors with focus on smart combinations of biocatalytic and thermal steps to enrich the natural flavor profile of foods. Ideally, targeted bioconversion of specific raw materials and ingredients will release flavor precursors required to generate the desired flavor profile by appropriate thermal processing.Key findings and conclusionsThe combination of fermentation or enzymatic treatment of raw materials with heat-induced food processes (e.g. drying, extrusion, roasting) represent an elegant approach in industrial food processing to generate flavors under mild conditions. This requires a good control of fermentation or enzymatic reaction steps to produce suitable substrates at the optimal concentrations adapted to the thermal processes. Using traditional cooking and minimal processing conditions (nature-inspired strategies) has become an attractive approach to generate authentic flavor profiles resonating with consumers’ demand for more naturalness.