Antiviral activity and mechanism of action of novel thiourea containing chiral phosphonate on tobacco mosaic virus

Using half-leaf method O,O'-diisopropyl (3-(L-1-(benzylamino)-1-oxo-3- phenylpropan-2-yl)thioureido)(phenyl)methyl phosphonate (2009104) was studied for its activity on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It showed good curative activity in vivo and the curative activity at 500 μg/mL was found to be 53.3%. In vivo treatment with the control agent Ningnanmycin at 500 μg/mL resulted in 51.2% inhibition and curative inhibition rates respectively. Dot-ELISA test was employed to verify the efficacy of activity of compound 200910 for anti-TMV activity. The mechanism of action of compound 2009104 to resist TMV was also studied. The results showed that the resistance enzymes PAL, POD, SOD activity and chlorophyll content after TMV inoculation K(326) (Nicotiana tabacum K(326)) of tobacco plants followed by treatment with compound 2009104 were significantly enhanced. The study of the effect of compound 2009104 on TMV capsid protein (CP) showed that it inhibited the polymerization process of TMV-CP in vitro.     

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Antagonistic Bacteria against Phytophthora nicotianae Isolated from Tobacco Rhizosphere

The genetic diversity of antagonistic bacteria from the tobacco rhizosphere was examined by BOXAIR-PCR, 16S-RFLP, 16S rRNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis methods. These studies revealed that 4.01% of the 6652 tested had some inhibitory activity against Phytophthora nicotianae. BOXAIR-PCR analysis revealed 35 distinct amplimers aligning at a 91% similarity level, reflecting a high degree of genotypic diversity among the antagonistic bacteria. A total of 25 16S-RFLP patterns were identified representing over 33 species from 17 different genera. Our results also found a significant amount of bacterial diversity among the antagonistic bacteria compared to other published reports. For the first time; Delftia tsuruhatensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Advenella incenata, Bacillus altitudinis, Kocuria palustris, Bacillus licheniformis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Myroides odoratimimus are reported to display antagonistic activity towards Phytophthora nicotianae. Furthermore, the majority (75%) of the isolates assayed for antagonistic activity were Gram-positives compared to only 25% that were Gram-negative bacteria.     

反相液相色谱法测定烟叶中精甲霜灵残留

建立了1种用反相液相色谱法测定烟叶中精甲霜灵残留量的方法。优化和选择了烟叶样品的前处理条件,样品经正己烷+丙酮(体积比为2∶3)振荡提取,二氯甲烷液–液分配萃取,中性氧化铝层析柱净化。采用C18色谱柱,以甲醇+水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器于220nm波长下检测。结果表明,该方法在0.1～25.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9。在样品的加标水平为0.2,1.0,2.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率为77.1%～82.3%,相对标准偏差在4.3%～5.1%之间,方法的最低检测浓度为0.04 mg/kg。该方法符合农药残留检测技术的要求,且简便、可靠,适用于烟草中精甲霜灵残留量的测定。     

真空间歇精馏提纯天然烟碱

针对提取天然烟碱传统工艺中粗烟碱精制过程烟碱损失量大及烟碱产品纯度不够高的问题,采用真空间歇精馏方法对烟碱粗产品进行了精制,并确定了适宜的操作条件。该过程包含如下两阶段：溶剂回收阶段,塔顶压力50~100 kPa,回流比2~4,溶剂收率为88.7%;烟碱精制阶段,塔顶压力不超过0.5 kPa,回流比3~5,烟碱质量分数和收率分别到达99.5%和74.0%以上。此方法操作稳定可靠,便于控制,易于实现工业化。     

用S—NPK复合肥装置生产烟草专用肥

介绍湖北宜都星原化工有限责任公司利用硫基氮磷钾装置生产各种规格烟草专用肥的操作和工艺控制     

超临界CO_2流体萃取糊毛烟净油成分分析及其对卷烟感官质量的影响研究

利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术萃取糊毛烟叶制备糊毛烟净油,所得净油为红褐色澄清透亮的溶液,得率为5%。净油经GC-MS分析鉴定,其中含有大量的烟草特征致香化合物如茄酮、麦斯明、香叶基丙酮、β-紫罗兰酮、2,3-联吡啶、巨豆三烯酮、六氢法尼醇、植酮、新植二烯、法尼基丙酮等,和异戊酸、乳酸、己酸、乙酰丙酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、十二酸、十四酸、十六酸等有机酸。卷烟加香评吸结果表明该净油能提升烟草本身香气,增加特征烟香,使烟气质地细腻柔和,抑制刺激性,掩盖杂气,并能赋予卷烟独特的风格特征,可明显提升卷烟的抽吸品质,是一种理想的高品质烟用香料。     

Investigation on water distribution and state in tobacco leaves with stalks during curing by LF-NMR and MRI

The water distribution and state in tobacco leaves with stalks and without stalks during curing were measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and imaging. Results showed that, moisture content of the stalk and midrib was higher than that of the lamina. Only immobilized and free water were found in the midrib of fresh tobacco leaves, whereas the bound water was found in the lamina and stalk. In addition, the mobility of each water state in the stalk and midrib was stronger than that in the lamina. Water migrated from the stalk to the lamina via the midrib during curing, which resulted in a higher proportion of free water in the lamina and a lower drying efficiency of tobacco leaves with stalks than those of nonstalks.     

烟草及烟气中氨的分析方法研究进展

氨是烟草中天然存在的成分,在烟草中以NH4+形式存在,在烟草抽吸过程中以游离氨的形式被释放出来,而烟气中氨的含量对卷烟的吸味和劲头有很重要的影响。综述了烟草和烟气中氨的分析方法和技术,简要论述各种方法的原理和优缺点,并对烟草和烟气中氨的测定方法的发展趋势做了简要分析。     

烟草香味物质及其精油应用研究进展

人们对低焦油卷烟的需求日益迫切。然而要减少焦油含量,又要保持卷烟的良好吸味极为困难。解决的方法之一就是使用适量的增香剂,可是过多的烟用增香剂有可能破坏卷烟的烟草自然香韵。研究发现烟草本身就存在着一些潜香物质,如类西柏烷类、类胡萝卜素类等,在烟草的醇化、发酵过程以及卷烟燃吸过程中,这些物质还可产生各种芳香化合物,对卷烟的吸食品质具有重要的影响。介绍了烟草中的主要致香成分及烟草精油的功效和应用进展情况。     

腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比试验研究

为了筛选腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比,研究了不同氮磷钾配比的腐植酸肥料对烟草生长、品质和产量的影响。试验结果表明:施用腐植酸肥料能降低烟草株高,增加烟草单叶重、基茎粗和茎重、根重和根长,有利于增强烟草抗倒伏能力;施用腐植酸肥料能增加烟叶干重产量,以处理3烟叶干重产量最高,为350.1 g,比对照增产93.64%;施用腐植酸肥料能提高烟草叶片质量,叶片颜色、光泽、油分与弹性均优于对照,以处理2烟叶质量最好。腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶(0.83~1.2)∶(1.2~1.33)。