二维Fisher准则函数在区域生长算法中的应用

本文针对传统区域生长算法中“种子”和“相似性准则”不能自适应获得的缺点,将二维Fisher准则函数算法[1]应用到区域生长算法中,根据图像特征,利用二维阈值,自动确定“种子”和“相似性准则”。实验表明,该算法不仅利用了二维Fisher准则函数算法的优点,而且也使区域生长算法具有自适应性,对荧光磁粉图像具有较好的分割效果。     

Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Molecular Spacers for Efficient Fluorescence Energy Transfer to Dye‐Labeled DNA

Two water‐soluble conjugated polyelectrolytes, poly(9,9′‐bis(6‐N,N,N‐trimethylammoniumhexyl)fluorene‐alt‐1,4‐(2,5‐bis(6‐N,N,N‐trimethylammoniumhexyloxy))phenylene) tetrabromide ( P1i ) and poly((10,10′‐bis(6‐N,N,N‐trimethylammoniumhexyl)‐10H‐spiro(anthracene‐9,9′‐fluorene))‐alt‐1,4‐(2,5‐bis(6‐N,N,N‐trimethylammoniumhexyloxy))phenylene) tetrabromide ( P2i ) are synthesized, characterized, and used in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments with fluorescein‐labeled single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA‐Fl). P1i and P2i have nearly identical π‐conjugated backbones, as determined by cyclic voltammetry and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The main structural difference is the presence of an anthracenyl substituent, orthogonal to the main chain in each of the P2i repeat units, which increases the average interchain separation in aggregated phases. It is possible to observe emission from ssDNA‐Fl via FRET upon excitation of P2i . Fluorescein is not emissive within the ssDNA‐Fl/ P1i electrostatic complex, suggesting Fl emission quenching through photoinduced charge transfer (PCT). We propose that the presence of the anthracenyl “molecular bumper” in P2i increases the distance between optical partners, which decreases PCT more acutely relative to FRET.     

Substituent Effects on Crosslike Packing of 2′,7′‐Diaryl‐ spiro(cyclopropane‐1,9′‐fluorene) Derivatives: Synthesis and Crystallographic,Optical, and Thermal Properties

A series of 2′,7′‐diarylspiro(cyclopropane‐1,9′‐fluorene) derivatives are efficiently synthesized and characterized to determine the reason for the “green‐light” emission of these compounds. These compounds exhibit bright‐violet to blue photoluminescence (PL) (λ^PL_max = 353–419 nm) with excellent PL quantum efficiencies (Φ_PL = 83–100 %) in solution and show high thermal stabilities (T_d = 267–474 °C). The variation of the optical properties of these molecules in the solid state depends on the different stacking modes of these compounds containing different substituents, which are revealed by crystallographic analysis. CH…π hydrogen bonds instead of intermolecular π–π interactions act as the driving force between adjacent fluorenes, even though a very small dialkyl group (cyclopropane) is introduced at the C‐9 position of fluorene. The crosslike molecular stacking efficiently reduces the energy transfer between the herring‐like aggregates and therefore results in the absence of a “green‐light” emission tail. In order to determine the cause of the “green‐light” emission tails, the fluorescence spectra of the films annealed in N₂ or in air are recorded. Broad green‐light emission tails were observed for the films annealed in air, which might be caused by fluorenone defects generated during processing or during the course of the photophysical analysis by reaction with residual oxygen.     

Diphenylamine‐Substituted Cruciform Oligo(phenylene vinylene): Enhanced One‐ and Two‐Photon Excited Fluorescence in the Solid State

1,4‐di(4′‐N,N‐diphenylaminostyryl)benzene (DPA‐DSB) is a well known compound with a large two‐photon absorption (TPA) section and strong fluorescence in solution. However, the ease with which it crystallizes results in the formation of discontinuous crystalline phases during vacuum deposition processes, thereby greatly limiting its applicability in solid‐state devices. A cruciform dimer of DPA‐DSB, 2,5,2′,5′‐tetra(4′‐N,N‐diphenylaminostyryl)biphenyl (DPA‐TSB) is reported, wherein two DPA‐DSB molecules are linked through a central biphenyl bond. The DPA‐TSB molecules take on a cruciform configuration because of the steric crowding around the central biphenyl core, which has the effect of efficiently suppressing crystalline and intermolecular interactions. The neat DPA‐TSB solid shows strong green–blue fluorescence because of both steady‐state absorption as well as TPA. The DPA‐TSB solid exhibits a photoluminescence (PL) efficiency (η_solid) of 29 % and a solid‐state two‐photon action cross section (δη_solid) of 954 GM (1 GM = 1 × 10^–50 cm⁴ s photon^–1 molecule^–1), which is much greater than for the model compound DPA‐DSB (η_solid = 16 % and δη_solid = 150 GM, where δ is the TPA cross section and η is the fluorescence quantum yield). Based on its high PL efficiency, good film‐forming ability, and strong TPA, DPA‐TSB seems to be a good candidate for applications in solid‐state optical devices.     

Structural Changes in the BODIPY Dye PM567 Enhancing the Laser Action in Liquid and Solid Media

In the search for more efficient and photostable solid‐state dye lasers, newly synthesized analogs of the borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye PM567, bearing the polymerizable methacryloyloxypropyl group at position 2 (PMoMA) or at positions 2 and 6 (PDiMA), have been studied in the form of solid copolymers with methyl methacrylate (MMA). The parent dye PM567, as well as the model analogs bearing the acetoxypropyl group in the same positions, PMoAc and PDiAc, respectively, have been also studied both in liquid solvents and in solid poly(MMA) (PMMA) solution. Although in liquid solution PMoAc and PDiAc have the same photophysical properties as PM567, PDiAc exhibited a photostability up to 10 times higher than that of PM567 in ethanol under 310 nm‐irradiation. The possible stabilization factors of PDiAc have been analyzed and discussed on the basis of the redox potentials, the ability for singlet molecular oxygen [O₂(¹Δ_g)] generation, the reactivity with O₂(¹Δ_g), and quantum mechanical calculations. Both PMoAc and PDiAc, pumped transversally at 532 nm, lased in liquid solution with a high (up to 58 %), near solvent‐independent efficiency. This enhanced photostabilization has been also observed in solid polymeric and copolymeric media. While the solid solution of the model dye PDiAc in PMMA showed a lasing efficiency of 33 %, with a decrease in the laser output of ca. 50 % after 60 000 pump pulses (10 Hz repetition rate) in the same position of the sample, the solid copolymer with the double bonded chromophore, COP(PDiMA‐MMA), showed lasing efficiencies of up to 37 %, and no sign of degradation in the laser output after 100 000 similar pump pulses. Even under the more demanding repetition rate of 30 Hz, the laser emission from this material remained at 67 % of its initial laser output after 400 000 pump pulses, which is the highest laser photostability achieved to date for solid‐state lasers based on organic polymeric materials doped with laser dyes. This result indicates that the double covalent linkage of the BODIPY chromophore to a PMMA polymeric matrix is even more efficient than the simple linkage, for its photostabilization under laser operation.     

多组分气体检测与识别技术进展

介绍了国内外气体检测技术的分类与发展现状,论述了当前主要气体检测技术的原理、用途及优缺点,并对不同的气体检测方法进行了比较,通过分析认为红外光谱气体检测技术具有检测精度高、检测范围广的特点,在气体检测领域,是一种发展前景极为广阔的新技术,因此应用与开发红外光谱气体检测技术应该会成为气体检测领域发展的一种趋势.     

Fluorescence properties and energy transfer mechanism of Sm ion in lead telluroborate glasses

We report the fluorescence properties of Sm³⁺-doped lead telluroborate glasses of composition PbF₂.TeO₂.H₃BO₃.Sm₂O₃ as a function of Sm³⁺ concentration. A Judd-Ofelt scheme was used to determine the intensity parameters and radiative properties of Sm³⁺ ion. The emission and decay measurements were carried out at 402 nm excitation. Beyond 1.0 mol% Sm³⁺ concentration, the luminescence quenching is observed. The decay curves of ⁴G_5/2 level are well fitted to a single exponential function. The evaluated radiative properties suggest that the ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_7/2 transition is responsible for reddish-orange luminescence which might be used in the development of visible lasers.     

Zwitterionic diaminodicyanoquinodimethanes with enhanced blue-green emission in the solid state

Diaminodicyanoquinodimethane molecules which show strong solid state emission in the blue-green region are developed. The new materials are structurally characterized; extended supramolecular assemblies mediated by H-bond interactions are observed in the crystal lattice. Spectroscopic studies including life-time and fluorescence quantum yield measurements in the solution and solid states are carried out. Emission in the solid state is ∼400 times stronger than that in solution; this can be attributed to the inhibition of the excited state geometry relaxation to a non-radiative state, in the solid. Impact of the molecular structure in the crystals on the solid state light emission is discussed. Semiempirical computational studies provide useful insight into the various structural and spectroscopic features of the new materials. The present observations serve as a pointer to further design strategies for realizing novel blue photoluminescent molecular materials based on the diaminodicyanoquinodimethane framework.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of novel coronene chromophores and their application to LCD color filters

New coronene derivatives, diphenylcoronene tetracarboxdiimide and monophenylbenzoperylene tetracarboxdiimide, were synthesized from N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxdiimide via a one-step reaction. The suggested synthetic route is the simplest and most economical among the methods to extend the aromatic systems along the short molecular axis of perylene. The synthesized molecules exhibited superior stability and color strength as yellow chromophores. They were characterized by significant hypsochromic shifts of the absorption compared to perylene tetracarboxdiimide and high fluorescence quantum yields.