基于改进型积分器的直接转矩控制的仿真研究

目前,在直接转矩控制中大多采用电压模型来估算定子磁链.然而由于纯积分环节存在直流偏移和初始值误差,会使得估算的定子磁链不准确,特别在低速时会使整个系统性能下降.采用了一种改进的积分器来消除纯积分环节产生的直流偏移和初始值误差对电压模型定子磁链观测器的影响.该积分器采用自适应控制自动调整磁链补偿量到最优值,并且通过坐标变换将幅值和相位分离,在调整幅值的同时,保持磁链的相位不发生变化,从而从本质上消除了纯积分直流偏移和初始值问题,同时还能保证定子磁链辨识无稳态误差,适合于直接转矩控制系统低速情况下使用.仿真结果验证了这种方法的有效性.     

HFETR裂变中子转换器设计

为提高高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)局部快中子注量率,裂变中子转换器采用以含7%Mo的高裂变密度UMo合金作为燃料芯体的十字形燃料棒。转换器内62根燃料棒以三角点阵布置于63 mm外套管和24 mm内套管间,中心区域为20 mm的辐照孔道。采用蒙特卡罗计算表明,该转换器内辐照样品的快中子（E>1 MeV）注量率可达3.34×10¹⁴cm^-2•s^-1,较堆芯相同位置不放置转换器时高约40%。在HFETR设计流速和压力下,利用ANSYS/CFX程序分析得到,转换器最大允许功率可达2.4 MW,燃料棒芯体最大功率密度为8.007 kW/cm³。此时,燃料棒包壳温度为193.6 ℃,能满足HFETR的热工要求,不会产生流动不稳定。     

低硫钢连铸过程结晶器内渣-钢间硫的迁移

试验了低硫高碳钢U71Mn（0．65％～0．73％C，0．006％～0．009％S）、U75V（0．73％～0．76％C，0．004％～0．008％S）和低硫低碳20钢（0．20％～0．22％C，0．005％～0．008％S）与含0．008％～0．011％S的连铸结晶器保护渣之间硫的迁移。结果表明，高碳钢连铸时，结晶器内保护渣中硫含量从0．008％增至0．010％～0．011％，但低碳钢连铸时，保护渣中硫含量从原始的0．011％降至0．009％，因此在连铸低碳钢时，应采用低初始硫含量的保护渣。     

无磁热量表中的一种流量校准方法

热量表是计量热流回路所释放热量的智能仪器。它主要由流量传感器、配对温度传感器、主控MCU和液晶显示等部分组成。其中流量计量的准确程序直接决定了热量表的精度等级。论述了以TI MSP430F135作为主控MCU的热量表的工作原理，讨论了该叶轮式无磁热量表流量测量的动态校准原理，并给出软硬件设计及分析。     

基于单片机AT89C52的漏磁检测实验系统开发

本文介绍了基于单片机技术的漏磁检测系统。首先介绍了漏磁检测的原理,然后结合电子电路技术,单片机技术,开发了一套漏磁检测实验系统。该系统包括信号的采集,预处理,模/数转换,数据结果存储,数据串口发送。单片机的软件系统采用模块化设计,分为数据采集、数据存储、数据串口发送模块等。     

MnCl2对镁合金废旧料组织性能的影响

利用等离子发射光谱仪、金相分析、电镜、万能电子材料试验机、腐蚀试验等方法研究了含有不同量的MnCl2熔剂对镁合金废旧料的力学性能、组织、断口形貌以及腐蚀行为的影响。研究表明,MnCl2可以降低镁合金废旧料中的Fe含量,同时会增加镁合金的Mn量,使用含MnCl2的熔剂可将镁废旧料中的Fe含量降到0 0072%以下。采用含MnCl2的熔剂可以提高试样的σb和δ。当合金中的Mn量超过一定程度后,对镁合金的力学性能会产生不利的影响。金相观察表明,净化处理对断口形貌无明显的影响,不改变AZ91镁合金的断裂机理,断口均成准解理断裂。腐蚀试验表明,采用含30%MnCl2的熔剂可以使试样的腐蚀速率从20 9mg/(cm2·d)降到6 4mg/(cm2·d)。     

Pervaporation of flavors with hydrophobic membrane

Using a pervaporation process, a surface-modified hydrophobic membrane was used for recovery of esters which are volatile organic flavor compounds; ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), and butyl acetate (BA). A surface-modified tube-type membrane was used to evaluate the effects of the feed concentration (0.15–0.60 wt%) and feed temperature (30–50 °C) on the separation of EA, PA, and BA from dilute aqueous solutions. The permeation flux increased with the increasing feed ester concentration and operating temperature. EA, PA, and BA in the permeate were concentrated up to 9.13–32.26, 11.44–34.95, and 14.96–36.37 wt%, respectively. The enrichment factors for the 0.15–0.60 wt% feed solution of EA and BA were in the range of 48.5-62.8 and 97.7-101.5, respectively. Phase separation occurred in the permeate stream because the ester concentration in the permeate was above the saturation limit. This meant that selectivity of the membrane was high enough for the recovery of esters from dilute aqueous solution, even though the enrichment factor of the membrane was lower than that of non-porous PDMS membrane. The fluxes of EA, PA, and BA at 0.60 wt% (6,000 ppm) feed concentration and 40 °C were 254, 296, and 318 g/m².hr, which are much higher than those obtained with polymer membranes. In the case of non-porous PDMS at feed concentrations of 90-4,800 ppm and at 45 °C, it was reported that the permeate flux of EA was 1.1–5.8 g/m^2.h. Compared to non-porous PDMS, the surface-modified membrane investigated in this study showed a much higher flux and enough selectivity of esters.     

Direct measurement of mass transfer around a single bubble by micro-PLIFI

In this paper, an original direct and non-intrusive technique using Planar Laser Induced Florescence with Inhibition (PLIFI) is proposed to quantify the local mass transfer around a single spherical bubble rising in a quiescent liquid. The new set-up tracks the mass transferred in the bubble wake for a plane perpendicular to the bubble trajectory instead of a parallel plane as in previous works, thus avoiding optical reflection problems. A spherical bubble is formed in a glass column containing fluorescent dye. A camera with a microscopic lens is placed underneath the column to record cross-sections of the transferred oxygen. A high-speed camera is located far from the column to simultaneously record the bubble position, size, shape and velocity. The dissolved gas inhibits the fluorescence so that oxygen concentration fields can be measured. From this, a calculation method is developed to determine mass transfer on the micro-scale. Experimental results are compared to the Sherwood numbers calculated from the Frössling and Higbie models used for fully contaminated and clean spherical bubbles, respectively. Results show that all experimental Sherwood numbers occur between the two models, which gives credence to the measurements. The new technique is then developed for bubble diameters ranging from 0.7 to 2 mm in six hydrodynamic conditions (1<Re<10², 10²<Sc<10⁶).     

炉壁热损失及其厚度的确定

本文利用算图计算的方法计算炉壁热损失和确定复合炉壁各层厚度。该方法计算简捷,能满足工程设计的要求。