Resistivity response of coal under hydraulic fracturing with different injection rates:A laboratory studyOA

Resistivity will have different response characteristics to the hydraulic fracture propagation process. In this work, a resistivity testing system for hydraulic fracturing specimens was established. Resistivity and acoustic emission(AE) information were jointly analysed to determine the dynamic response characteristics of resistivity during hydraulic fracture propagation. The results show that the water and fracture exert a competitive influence on the connection structure of the circuit, and th...     

Fracturing behavior of brittle solids containing 3D internal crack of different depths under ultrasonic fracturingOA

Ultrasonic fracturing(UF) can be used to form crack networks for oil or gas in the mining industry and hard rock excavation. In this paper, the three-dimensional internal laser-engraved crack method(3D-ILC) is introduced to make penny-shaped internal crack within the samples without any damage to the surfaces. Physical experiments were performed on the transparent samples with internal cracks at different depths. The macro-and micro-fracture fractography characteristics were focused on and analy...     

Electron microscopy of shock deformation in alumina

Shock recovered samples of a coarse grain (10 μm), high density (>99.9% theoretical) alumina from asymmetric impact tests conducted at 6.5 GPa (e.g. 3.2 times its Hugoniot Elastic Limit) in a single stage gas gun and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy showed prolific presence of reduced crystallite size, higher average microstrain, grain localized micro/nano-scale deformations, micro-cleavages, grain-boundary microcracks, micro-wing crack formation, extensive shear induced deformations and fractures localized at grains, grain boundaries and triple grain junctions, grain localized entanglement of dislocations and their pile up impeded at grain boundaries. A new qualitative model based on micro-shear and micro-twist induced deformation and fracture in single and/or multiple planes in suitably oriented grain and/or grain assembly was developed to explain the experimentally observed damage evolution process.     

摩尔质量分布的双峰相对高度对聚乙烯断裂及力学性能的影响

通过熔融共混商用双峰聚乙烯和单峰聚乙烯制备一系列摩尔质量分布双峰相对高度呈连续变化的双峰聚乙烯(BPE)样品,并研究了双峰相对高度对其力学性能的影响.研究表明,此系列BPE样品的双峰相对高度的变化对拉伸强度和冲击强度影响很小.但是随着BPE中低峰相对高度的增大,基本断裂功参数we大大提高,即材料抵抗裂纹开裂能力提高;而非基本断裂功参数βwp下降很小.     

喷砂射孔降破技术在川西地区的应用研究

喷砂射孔作为降低地层破裂压力的预处理技术,在川西地区已被广泛地使用。本文对喷砂射孔降低地层破裂压力技术的机理进行了研究,对近几年来川西地区喷砂射孔现场试验的9个主要施工参数（喷嘴直径、喷嘴个数、磨料体积浓度、磨料性质、砂量、施工排量、施工泵压、喷射速度、喷砂时间）进行了研究分析。分析得出：喷射速度和喷砂时间为两个最关键的参数,为了达到降低破裂压力的效果,喷射速度应大于260m/s,喷砂时间应达到20~30m in。研究分析结果经过应用后,施工参数得到了优化,进行现场试验取得了良好的施工效果。     

Fracture behaviour of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN)

Fracture toughness of a semi-crystalline polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film of thicknesses 0.050, 0.075 and 0.125 mm was measured as a function of temperature and loading rate using both double edge notched tension (DENT) and single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens. The specific essential work of fracture (EWF) and the multi-specimen J-integral methods were used to evaluate fracture toughness. The variation of the specific total work of fracture (w_f) with ligament length (L) was linear for ligament lengths between 5 and 15 mm. Within this range, w_f versus L was independent of thickness at all temperatures but was dependent on both temperature and loading rate. The specific EWF (w_e) was found to be independent of thickness and loading rate but showed three regions of varying temperature dependence. Between 23 and 80°C (region I) w_e was essentially independent of temperature but increased with temperature between 80 and 120°C (region II) and decreased with temperature thereafter (region III). At glass transition temperature (i.e. 120°C), w_e reached a maximum value of 75 kJ/m². The specific non-EWF (βw_p) increased with both loading rate and temperature. The greatest change in βw_p value with respect to temperature was obtained in region II.The plot of J-integral versus crack extension (Δa) was independent of thickness but was dependent upon temperature. w_e was found to be equivalent to both J_0.2 and J₀.     

The influence of RPCA on the strength and fracture toughness of HPC

The paper presents the study on the relationship among mechanical properties, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, fracture toughness, and rupture probability of coarse aggregate (RPCA) of high-performance concrete (HPC) with varied aggregate sizes. For the maximum aggregate size of 16 mm, the compressive and splitting tensile strength and the corresponding RPCA reached the maximum values. As the mechanical properties linearly increased with the increasing RPCA, RPCA has been confirmed as a useful parameter to express the mechanical behavior of HPC. Preliminary analysis also showed good relationships between the mechanical properties and RPCA.     

Statistical prediction of fracture parameters of concrete and implications for choice of testing standard

This article shows how the fracture energy of concrete, as well as other fracture parameters such as the effective length of the fracture process zone, critical crack-tip opening displacement and the fracture toughness, can be approximately predicted from the standard compression strength, maximum aggregate size, water-cement ratio, and aggregate type (river or crushed). A database, consisting of 238 test data, is extracted from the literature and tabulated, and approximate mean prediction formulae calibrated by this very large data set are developed. A distinction is made between (a) the fracture energy, G_f, corresponding to the area under the initial tangent of the softening stress-separation curve of cohesive crack model, which governs the maximum loads of structures and is obtained by the size effect method (SEM) or related methods (Jenq-Shah two-parameter method and Karihaloo's effective crack model, ECM) and (b) the fracture energy, G_F, corresponding to the area under the complete stress-separation curve, which governs large postpeak deflections of structures and is obtained by the work-of-fracture method (WFM) proposed for concrete by Hillerborg. The coefficients of variation of the errors in the prediction formulae compared to the test data are calculated; they are 17.8% for G_f and 29.9% for G_F, the latter being 1.67 times higher than the former. Although the errors of the prediction formulae taking into account the differences among different concretes doubtless contribute significantly to the high values of these coefficients of variation, there is no reason for a bias of the statistics in favor of G_f or G_F. Thus, the statistics indicate that the fracture energy based on the measurements in the maximum load region is much less uncertain than that based on the measurement of the tail of the postpeak load-deflection curve. While both G_f and G_F are needed for accurate structural analysis, it follows that if the testing standard should measure, for the sake of simplicity, only one of these two fracture energies, then G_f is preferable.     

基于R6的含缺陷压力管系断裂失效风险分析系统（Ⅰ）—理论与方法

含缺陷压力管系的概率安全评定是石油化工行业中一个新兴的重要课题 ,概率断裂力学的出现和发展提供了强有力的手段。针对含缺陷压力管系断裂失效分析模式 ,结合实际操作工况 ,考虑多种载荷因素及材料性能参数 ,提出了管系断裂失效风险分析方法。在此基础上 ,运用R6选择 1评定技术路线 ,考虑压力管道缺陷尺寸、承受载荷、材料断裂韧性及流变应力等参数的随机性及分布特征 ,对各随机变量进行模拟实际操作工况抽样 ,应用MonteCarlo数值计算方法确定含缺陷压力管系上每个独立缺陷引起的失效概率 ,进而计算出整个管系的失效风险概率。为石化企业诊断系统安全提供了一个技术手段。     

水压裂缝缝内流场的理论研究

水力压裂过程就是地层在受到压裂液作用后裂缝向前延伸扩展的过程。水力压裂过程中，缝内流体的流动特征对裂缝的延伸和形态具有很大的影响。要确定水力压裂过程中的缝宽变化，首先应根据流体力学理论，找出缝内流体压力的分布规律，得出它与裂缝宽度的关系，再根据岩石力学和断裂力学理论，寻求二在裂缝宽度或压力方向的流固耦合，从而科确定出裂缝的几何形态。通过缝内流场的理论研究，推导出了一个新的描述缝内流场的理论模型，为求解全三维裂缝几何形态打下了理论基础。