<Emphasis Type="Italic">Santalum </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">insulare</Emphasis> Acetylenic Fatty Acid Seed Oils: Comparison within the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Santalum</Emphasis> Genus

The sandalwood kernels of Santalum insulare (Santalaceae) collected in French Polynesia give seed oils containing significant amounts of ximenynic acid, E-11-octadecen-9-oic acid (64–86%). Fatty acid (FA) identifications were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of FA methyl esters. Among the other main eight identified fatty acids, oleic acid was found at a 7–28% level. The content in stearolic acid, octadec-9-ynoic acid, was low (0.7–3.0%). An inverse relationship was demonstrated between ximenynic acid and oleic acid using 20 seed oils. Results obtained have been compared to other previously published data on species belonging to the Santalum genus, using multivariate statistical analysis. The relative FA S. insulare composition, rich in ximenynic acid is in the same order of those given for S. album or S. obtusifolium. The other compared species (S. acuminatum, S. lanceolatum, S. spicatum and S. murrayanum) are richer in oleic acid (40–59%) with some little differences in linolenic content.     

Growth and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ofVicia fabaandPhaseolus vulgarisas Affected by Fertiliser Potassium and Temperature

Potassium is major nutritional factor influencing plants' ability to overcome stress. Thus the effect of this nutrient on plant growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation could be critical. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of three levels of potassium fertiliser (0·1, 0·8 and 3·0 mM potassium) and two day/night temperature regimes (30°C/23°C—supra-optimal and 23°C/18°C—optimal) on the vegetative growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of two legumes. The crops selected were faba bean, an amide producing temperate species, and French beans, a ureide-producing tropical legume. Potassium increased relative growth rates of faba bean to a greater extent than in French beans with 3·0 mM potassium under the high temperatures. The influence of potassium was less evident at the lower temperature. Specific leaf weights of both species were reduced by potassium indicating the influence of this nutrient in the process of translocation of photosynthates. Total nitrogen concentrations of both species were lower and potassium concentrations were greater under supra-optimal temperatures. Nodulation was not observed in faba beans at this temperature. Potassium increased nodulation and nitrogen fixation of faba bean under optimal temperatures and at both temperatures in French beans. In contrast, specific activity of nodules and percentage nitrogen derived from fixation were not affected by potassium at both temperatures. Potassium reduced the impact of high temperatures especially in temperate faba beans when compared with tropical French beans by enhancing vegetative growth, nodulation and total tropical nitrogen fixation.     

Les groupes de supporters ultras à Marseille: Des modes de gestion identitaire différents?

This article proposes a study of the identity management strategies of two French ultra groups, South Winners (SW) and the Commando Ultra (CU), who support the same team of Marseille. The Social Identity Theory and the Self Categorization Theory constitute our frame of analysis. We loosened the socio-structural characteristics of status, legitimacy and stability of SW and CU from socio-historic information. Accounts of 40 games between 1997 and 2003 diffused in the fanzines of both groups were analyzed using language social psychology. The obtained results allowed us to put in evidence two different identity management strategy, type "egocentric" for the CU characterized mainly by a Comparison with Standard strategy and of "regionalist type" for the SW, basing essentially on a Supra Ordinate Recategorization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Le questionnaire d'évaluation des relations parent/enfant (QéRPE): Une validation fran?aise de l'Egna Minnen Betr?ffende Uppfostran (EMBU).

Parents influence a child's development and his or her success in academic, sports or musical matters. Their support is essential for success. However, some of their behaviours may also have a negative impact. We need to better define parent/child relationships and their influence on the success and well-being of the child. Questionnaires are helpful in this respect, but few valid tools in French exist. Those available do not focus on evaluating dimensions central to child development. This article is aimed at validating the French translation of the EMBU questionnaire (Egna Minnen Betr?ffende Uppfostran, Perris, Jacobsson, Lindstr??m, von Knorring & Perris, 1980), the Questionnaire d'évaluation des relations parents/enfant (QéRPE), Questionnaire to Evaluate Parent/Child Relationships. It assesses the levels of parental support, overprotection and rejection experienced by children. We applied it to relationships between parents and sports-lovers. We tested the factorial structure (exploratory and confirmatory analyses) and the internal consistency of the QéRPE, and conducted external validation. Our results demonstrated that the psychometric qualities of the QéRPE are very acceptable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Calendrical calculations,II: Three historical calendars

Algorithmic presentations are given for three calendars of historical interest, the Mayan, French Revolutionary, and Old Hindu.     

Validation de l'échelle d'évaluation des traits antisociaux.

This study is testing the psychometric properties of the French version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD, Frick & Hare, 2001). Reliability and validity of the scales (impulsivity/conduct problems, callous/unemotional), as well as the total scale are tested on a sample of 306 children (mean age: 9.9 years) receiving special education services because of behaviour problems. Results indicate psychometric properties consistent with the English version (Frick, O'Brien, Wooton & McBurnett, 1994), as well as some differences. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, and validity (convergent, predictive) are acceptable. Further use of the French version of the APSD is warranted for research purposes but interpretation must remain cautious in the absence of a population based sample used in the validation process. Studies on the factors associated with the precocity and the stability of antisocial traits are recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Langues de présentation des consignes et performances motrices chez des bilingues fran?ais/créole aux Antilles fran?aises.

In this study, I examine whether the language used for instructions influences motor performance among bilingual children in a learning situation. Eighty bilingual French/Creole children (age means 10.4) were distributed into two experimental groups to learn how to perform a motor task. One group received instructions in French and the other one in Creole. The data suggest that the language of presentation affects the execution of a motor task. Both groups had the same performance level at the beginning of the experiment. However, the group taught in Creole obtained better performances than the group taught in French at the end of the learning situation. The results are discussed in terms of their implications to physical education and motor rehabilitation of bilinguals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Bromate Surveys in French Drinking Waterworks

Two bromate surveys were made recently in order to evaluate the frequency of bromate appearance in drinking waters issued from waterworks including one or two ozonation steps. The First survey was carried out on 47 waterworks. Two sampling campaigns were analyzed in cool and warm seasons. The objective of the second survey was to follow, during 4 to 10 months, at 12 selected waterworks.

The aim of this paper is to present the data obtained and to try to model for some waterworks the bromate formation by means of some important parameters (Br, O₃/DOC, T° and pH) of water to ozonate.

The main conclusion is that the bromate presence in distributed drinking waters is a reality for waterworks using ozonation steps, especially in warm period of the year. In the case of some waterworks, disinfection by sodium hypochlorite increased bromate levels in distributed water.

As shown by others on a laboratory-scale level, a multi-linear regression allows us the prediction of the bromate formation from some determining parameters, for some waterworks. However, the poor values of the linear regression lead us to have some doubts about its universal application in the real situation of an operating waterworks. A better evaluation of “C.t” will be required in the future in order to get a better prediction by the use of multi linear regression.     

French Rationalism: A Broken Tradition

From the golden era of 1960s Rationalism to the present Inquietude Lucide, Joseph Abram describes the Rationalist tendencies in French architecture. Once dominated by the spectres of Le Corbusier and Auguste Perret, the rational was deeply embedded in French tectonic culture. Despite the current reassertion of the rational, the future, as Abram explains, appears less certain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of Trans Fatty Acid Level in French Fries from Various Fast Food Outlets in Karachi,Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to determine the trans fat level in French fries sold in different fast food outlets in Karachi. In the present study, attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the quantification of trans fatty acid (TFA). A number of studies have been reported on trans fat in different regions of the world, but no categorical study has yet discussed the trans fat in fast food products in Karachi. Amongst the samples examined, the total trans fatty acid content was in the range of 0.11 ± 0.01–24.00 ± 0.25 %. Most of the samples contain a high percentage of TFA. There is an urgent need to monitor and regulate the level of trans fat in order to reduce the health risk to the consumers of fast food items in Karachi, Pakistan.