CaO-SiO_2-P_2O_5-H_2O系统中CBC材料的溶胶凝胶过程研究 Ⅰ溶胶的形成及溶胶凝胶转变过程

以溶胶凝胶方法制备ＣａＯＳｉＯ２Ｐ２Ｏ５Ｈ２Ｏ系统中ＣＢＣ材料的工艺流程为基础，利用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ及固体核磁共振（２９Ｓｉ，３１ＰＮＭＲ）等测试方法研究了溶胶的形成及溶胶凝胶转变过程中的物相变化及物相间发生的化学反应。结果表明：在多组分溶胶的形成过程中，由Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｈ３ＰＯ４反应生成Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和Ｃａ１０（ＰＯ４）６（ＯＨ）２（羟基磷灰石，简写为ＯＨＡｐ，下同），两者均在硅溶胶颗粒的表面上析晶长大；在多组分溶胶凝胶的转变过程中，发生失水，减少电解质，改变ｐＨ值等一系列现象。     

历史街区保护与利用中的职能发展研究

对历史街区进行保护与利用的重要基础之一是发展历史街区的职能,发挥历史街区在当代社会经济生活中的作用。历史街区的传统职能比较单一,为了适应街区保护与发展的要求,需要结合其资源特点拓展街区职能。延续居住职能、发挥商业职能、发展旅游职能、培育博览职能是历史街区保护与利用过程中职能发展的主要途径。     

Ceramic Engine Valves

Current trends in spark ignition engines are toward multivalve engines capable of operating at relatively high speeds to maximize performance and fuel economy at acceptable emissions levels. Structural ceramics, with their low density and good high-temperature properties, appear to offer potential as an alternative valve material to the steels, superalloys, and titanium alloys currently in use. Progress to date on materials development, component design, component performance, and engine testing indicates that silicon nitride valves will operate satisfactorily.     

陶瓷工业热工设备CAD系统开发及应用(Ⅰ) 系统概述

“陶瓷工业热工设备ＣＡＤ系统”能完成传统工程设计计算，砌体材料、烟囱、燃烧条件的优化设计，数据及图纸资料的管理、检索、编辑、计算机交互或半自动绘图。     

BaTiO3多晶陶瓷表面态研究

文中系统地对BaTiO3陶瓷的表面态进行综述，认为表面态确实是PTC效应产生的根源所在，同时对表面态的组成（主要对表面态中金属阳离子空位，氧空位）、微量3d元素对表面受主态的显著影响以及表面必度的定量计算三方面进行分析，认为表面态研究的难点在于其组成的复杂性，认为用电介质理论定量计算表面态密度存在粗略性问题，同时对表面态的研究前景进行展望。     

The dispersion mechanism of TiB2 ceramic phase in molten aluminium and its alloys

Titanium diboride (TiB₂) ceramic particulates are dispersed in molten aluminium and its alloys for grain refining and for making cast metal–matrix composites. For producing cast MMC, the dispersion of the ceramic phase via in-situ aluminothermic reduction of K₂TiF₆ and KBF₄ flux mixture with molten aluminium and, via the addition of exogenously formed TiB₂ with the fluoride flux has been studied at 900°C. In this article, the aspects of interfacial energy that govern the dispersion and agglomeration of TiB₂ particulates are examined. The Gibbs-adsorption interface equation is particularly employed to define and to quantify the change in the surface energy as a function of the alloying element concentration and, consequently the effect of interfacial energy on the nucleation rate of TiB₂ formed via metallothermic reduction reaction and the size of the ceramic phase is also explained.     

（Ca,Mg,Sr）Zr4（PO4）6三元系统的相分析与晶格参数

研究了Ｍ１位三元ＮＺＰ陶瓷组成对物相及晶格参数的影响，探讨了热膨胀有重要作用的组成与晶格参数之间的关系。     

高温结构陶瓷的高温蠕变

高温蠕变是高温结构陶瓷材料一项非常重要的性能指标。现代耐高温结构材料要求有很高的抗蠕变性能。本文从理论上描述了蠕变及其机理，分析了影响高温结构陶瓷蠕变的因素，并结合实际提出了提高高温结构陶瓷抗蠕变性的措施。     

A comprehensive model of functionals for three-dimensional non-isothermal steady flow with molecular and convective diffusion and a chemical reaction of arbitrary order

A mathematical model of diffusion-reaction, velocity and temperature functionals is developed using the calculus of variation and the concept of “local potential”. The diffusion-reaction functional, which involves both molecular and convective diffusion, describes the general case of three-dimensional steady-state diffusion of a single component with a chemical reaction of arbitrary order and complexity while the velocity and temperature functionals cover viscosity, pressure, convection and heat generation terms. The functionals have the feature of being minimum at the stationary state and can, therefore, be minimized and solved for velocity, temperature and concentration. An important feature of the present formulation for the diffusion-reaction problem is that the reaction term is linearized during the course of solution. Such linearization is inherent in the present formulation and makes the functional applicable to reactions of any type and complexity. Furthermore, the convective terms for both diffusion and heat transfer and the viscous and reaction generation terms in the energy equation are also linear and can be handled with relative ease in any numerical solution. The functionals are verified by yielding, upon minimization, the appropriate diffusion-reaction, momentum, continuity and energy equations as their Euler-Lagrange equations. Finally, the developed functionals are independent of the coordinate system and can be applied in any appropriate system of coordinates chosen for convenience.     

Electrochemical catalytic modification of activated carbon fabrics by ruthenium chloride for supercapacitors

A novel method, electrochemical catalytic oxidation via a ruthenium redox couple in an aqueous RuCl₃ · xH₂O solution rather than the anodic deposition of Ru oxides, was developed to modify the microstructure and electrochemical properties of activated carbon fabrics (ACFs). The variation in microstructures (i.e., specific surface area and mean pore size) for the modified ACFs was examined by means of nitrogen gas adsorption isotherms. The distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups within the modified ACFs was identified by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectra. Effects of the electrochemical catalytic modification on the electrochemical characteristics and reversibility of ACFs were investigated systematically by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. The total specific capacitance of ACFs reached a maximum (ca. 180 F/g measured at 10 mA/cm²) when they were catalytically modified at 1.15 V with a passed charge density of 5 C/cm². These modified ACFs were demonstrated to be an excellent candidate for the supercapacitor application.