表面活性剂在废纸脱墨中的应用

本文研究了废纸再利用中,表面活性剂对废纸脱墨效果的影响,集中研究了12种表面活性剂脱墨性能,筛选出脱墨效果较好的AEO9,SDS,AES,TX-10,T-80和油酸钠6种表面活性剂进行双组分复配,研究结果显示双组分表面活性剂的脱墨效果明显优于单组分表面活性剂。     

Gemini and Bicephalous Surfactants: A Review on Their Synthesis,Micelle Formation,and Uses

The use of surfactants in polymerization reactions is particularly important, mainly in emulsion polymerizations. Further, micelles from biocompatible surfactants find use in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This paper reviews recent developments in the synthesis of novel gemini and bicephalous surfactants, micelle formation, and their applications in polymer and nanoparticle synthesis, oil recovery, catalysis, corrosion, protein binding, and biomedical area, particularly in drug delivery.     

Interfacial energy for solutions of nanoparticles,surfactants, and electrolytes

The addition of surfactants to modify the surface property of nanoparticles (NPs) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic also enhances their interfacial properties. Several approaches were previously proposed to calculate the surface tension/interfacial tension (IFT) for different systems in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes. However, most of these approaches are indirect and require several measured parameters. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed here to calculate the surface tension/IFT for these systems. The developed model takes into account the cohesive energy due to the interaction of the surfactant CH₂ groups, the electric double layer effect due to the interaction among the ions of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes, and the dipole–dipole interaction of NPs and electrolytes. The developed model is compared and validated with the laboratory experimental data in literature. The results reveal further understanding of the mechanisms involved in stabilization of oil/water emulsion in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes.     

双子(Gemini)表面活性剂合成及研究进展

综述了阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型和两性离子型四类双子表面活性剂的合成及研究进展,指出未来双子表面活性剂研究的主要方向为获得更高的表面活性、降低合成和使用成本、不同类型的表面活性剂协同强化、提高安全环保性和拓宽应用领域等。     

The Modification of Chrome Tanned Leather by Polyethylene Glycol-Linked Gemini Fatty Alcohol Phosphate

A series of polyethylene glycol-linked Gemini fatty alcohol phosphate surfactants (GFAP) were prepared with long chain n-alkanol (C = 8, 12, 16, 18), polyethylene glycol (PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-800, PEG-1000) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃). The structure of the prepared surfactants was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The surfactants were employed for the modification of chrome-tanned leather. The morphological changes of chrome-tanned leather and modified chrome-tanned leather were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationship between the alkyl chain length and molecular weight of the PEG and the hydrophobicity, softness, mechanical strength of modified chrome-tanned leather was also discussed. The experimental results showed that the mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were enhanced with an increase of alkyl chain length, while the hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness were decreased with an increase of molecular weight of the PEG. The hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were optimized for an alkyl chain length of 16. Therefore, 16–200 Gemini phosphate surfactants with an alkyl chain length of 16 and a PEG molecular weight of 200 have a good comprehensive modification effect on Chrome-tanned leather, the tensile strength, tear strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather are 57.07 N mm⁻², 79.49 N mm⁻¹, 9.73 mm, respectively.     

Green Synthesis,Characterization, and Properties of Acyl Lysine,Serine, Threonine,and Methionine Derived from Three Types of Natural Oils

The development of environmentally benign products has been the subject of growing interest in the field of surfactant chemistry. Acyl amino acid surfactants bearing lysine, serine, threonine, and methionine residues were synthesized using natural oils extracted from coconut, palm kernel, and soybean as acyl donors. The chemical structures were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/MS) and infrared (IR) spectra. Their surface activities, ion-specific effects, detergency, and foam properties were studied systematically. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values depend significantly on amino acid and oil types and follow the orders: (i) Lys > Thr ≈ Ser > Met and (ii) Coconut ≈ Palm kernel > Soybean oil. Interestingly, the ion-specific effects showing that the γ_CMC value decreases with increasing counterion size and hydrophobicity were observed, and the results were consistent with the famous Hofmeister series. The detergency ability of acyl amino acid surfactants is better than multiple traditional surfactants in distilled water. Although the detergency ability of our products for oil-soiled swatches decreased significantly in hard water, this problem was solved by the C-Lys-Na/AES mixed system showing excellent synergistic effects. Excellent foamability and foam stability were achieved for acyl threonine and serine bearing hydroxyl groups on their headgroups, suggesting that the packing of these surfactants at the air–water interface was assisted by hydrogen bonding.     

Novel Gemini Cationic Surfactants: Thermodynamic,Antimicrobial Susceptibility,and Corrosion Inhibition Behavior against Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The Egyptian oil and gas industry is suffering from severe metal corrosion problems, particularly microbial-induced corrosion. There is limited knowledge on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steels in the presence of an acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Therefore, in this study, novel Gemini cationic surfactants, in three forms depending on variation in alkyl chains of 8, 12, and 16 carbon atoms named FHPAO, FHPAD, and FHPAH, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The surface parameters and the thermodynamic of the synthesized surfactants were evaluated at three different temperatures, 20, 40, and 60 °C. The synthesized Gemini cationic surfactants were tested as broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antibacterial and anticandida agents. They evaluated as biocides and corrosion inhibitors against Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. FHPAD showed higher adsorption ability at the solution interface and higher affinity to construct micelles than FHPAO and FHPAH. Both adsorption and micellization processes were hydrophobic and temperature dependent. FHPAO, FHPAD and FHPAH exhibited wide-spectrum antimicrobial activities, and the highest activity and the lowest minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations were attributed to FHPAD. Furthermore, synthesized FHPAD demonstrated the highest metal corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95.5% at 5 mM in comparison to 87.5% and 81.7% for FHPAO and FHPAH, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides novel synthesized cationic surfactants with many applications in the oil and gas industry, such as broad-spectrum antimicrobial, biocides, and corrosion inhibitors for acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

Gemini表面活性剂在介面上的吸附作用

Gemini表面活性剂通常是由两（或三）条疏水链、两个亲水基和一个连接基组成的两性分（离）子,与由单亲水基和单疏水基构成的单体表面活性剂分（离）子相比较,在临界胶团浓度、界面性质和溶解性等方面有着独特的性质。由于其电荷密度高,临界胶团浓度低,并且有很低的Krafft点,能在低浓度下与高碳烷烃形成超低界面张力,在石油开发中有着很好的应用前景。现有的研究表明并联结构的双子表面活性剂比串联的双子表面活性剂降低表面张力的能力高。     

一种阴离子表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

合成了一种阴离子型双醚双苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂,测定该系列Gemini表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力(γcmc)分别为:32.00mN/m、28.41 mN/m、29.76 mN/m、33.20 mN/m,临界胶束浓度(cmc)分别为:0.79mmol/L、0.87 mmol/L、1.02 mmol/L、0.84 mmol/L;该Gemini表面活性剂(DPDAS-12)可在无碱,浓度为0.35%条件下,将油/水界面张力降至1.2×10-3mN/m的超低水平;可有效改变岩石表面润湿性,可将亲油表面(θ=114°)改变为弱亲油(θ=69.3°),可将亲水表面(θ=26.0°)改变为弱亲水表面(θ=34.0°)。     

含酯基双季铵盐表面活性剂的合成

通过酯化和季铵化反应,以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、月桂酸、环氧氯丙烷和36%盐酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,正丙醇作溶剂,合成了含酯基双季铵盐表面活性剂。通过正交试验确定了产物合成的工艺条件,n(二甲基脂肪酸乙基叔胺):n(盐酸):n(环氧氯丙烷)=2.2:1:1,反应温度为95℃,溶剂用量为50%,反应时间11h。利用IR,~1H-NMR对产物进行了表征。测定产物表面性能的结果表明,产物具有很好的表面活性。