N,N′-乙撑双[N(乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺]的合成与性能评价

以乙二胺、2-氯乙基磺酸钠、月桂酸等为原料合成了N,N′-乙撑双[N(乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺](简记为DTM-12)。以IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了初步表征。该目标产物水溶液的CMC(0.5 mmol/L)分别是十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠的1/16和1/20,γCMC(29.7 mN/m)低8~9 mN/m。DTM-12分别与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和辛基酚聚乙氧基醚9-10EO(Triton X-100)组成的复配体系在摩尔比为3∶7时,CMC达到0.106和0.049 mmol/L,γCMC达到25.4和31.7 mN/m,优于十二烷基磺酸钠组成的复配体系。DTM-12还具有良好的起泡性和稳泡性。     

Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点及在采油中的应用

文章简要地介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点；从表面活性剂的作用原理出发，介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的优良性能：如表面张力、泡沫力、润湿力、优异的协同效应、耐温抗盐性等；在此基础上，阐述了该类表面活性剂在油田三次采油上的应用前景。     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acid chloride solution using ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants

Four novel non-ionic ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants (I–IV) were synthesised and investigated as corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using gravimetric, open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarisation techniques. The percentage inhibition efficiency (η%) for each inhibitor increased with increasing concentration until the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was reached. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached 95.1% in the presence of 400 ppm of the inhibitor (IV). It was found that the adsorption of the surfactants on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic polarisation data indicated that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The values of activation energy (E _a*) of carbon steel dissolution in 1 M HCl were calculated in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of each inhibitor. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of polished carbon steel surfaces and those immersed in 1 M HCl in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of inhibitor (IV).     

可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂的制备及其性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)、马来酸酐(MA)、聚乙二醇(PEG400和PEG1000)和三乙胺为主要原料,合成了两种兼有非离子和阴离子性能的可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,用FT-IR以及1HNMR对产物的分子结构进行了表征,同时对其CMC值、流变特征、浊点和乳化能力等性能进行了测定。结果表明,I的临界胶束浓度为8.3×10-3mol/L,此时的表面张力为38.67 mN/m,Ⅱ的临界胶束浓度为2.11×10-2mol/L,此时的表面张力为31.29 mN/m,溶液表现为牛顿型流体,其乳化能力明显优于常用乳化剂OP-10。     

Preparation and surface activity of modified soy protein

A series of novel surfactants have been prepared by the reaction of hydrolyzed soy protein with alkyl succinic anhydride. These novel surfactants exhibit excellent surface active properties including surface tension, foaming, emulsifying, wetting power, and buffer ability. The hydrophobic modified protein exhibit more surface activity than original protein because of the enhanced hydrophobicity in structure. The increase in hydrophobic chain length leads to an increase in the surface activity. The surface tension reduction is correlated to the hydrophobicity of the modified molecule, which was determined by a fluorescent probe. In application on cotton bleaching procedures, these surfactants increase the whiteness of fabrics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3498–3503, 2006     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的厌氧与好氧生物降解性

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)为目标污染物，在等同条件下做厌氧消化污泥和好氧活性污泥对其生物降解性能的对比实验，得出了同一系列AEO分子中聚氧乙烯基与整个分子的降解难易程度的关系。表明：①污泥会对AEO分子产生吸附一脱附作用而出现假降解率，克服假降解率的干扰是准确测定AEO生物降解性的关键因素；②厌氧和好氧条件下，AEO均可降解，但厌氧降解要稍优于好氧降解；③AEO中聚氧乙烯基的单元数(n)是影响其生物降解的重要因素，相同碳链的直链烷基，生物降解率随n的增加而明显降低。     

磺酸型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

以壬基酚、1,4-二溴丁烷和氯磺酸为主要原料,通过三步反应合成了新型的磺酸型Gemini表面活性剂9BA-4-9BA,讨论了合成反应时间、温度以及催化剂对产物纯度和产率等因素的影响,优化了反应过程。利用核磁共振谱和红外光谱表征了产物结构,并通过DCTA21表面/界面张力仪测试其水溶液中的表面张力。和传统表面活性剂相比,合成的Gemini表面活性剂9BA-4-9BA具有更高的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度和C20分别为6.2×10-4mol/L和1.1×10-5mol/L。     

Synergic influence of a surfactant and ultrasonication on the preparation of soluble,conducting polydiphenylamine/silica‐nanoparticle composites

Conducting polydiphenylamine was used to encapsulate silica nanoparticles through the oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. The polymerization was performed in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Experiments performed in the absence of ultrasound clearly demonstrated that the application of ultrasonication played multiple roles in the preparation of a composite of polydiphenylamine with silica nanoparticles. Ultrasonication dispersed the silica nanoparticles, converted sodium lauryl sulfate to lauryl alcohol, and augmented the dispersion of the silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composite in an organic medium. Silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composites were also prepared in the absence of ultrasound and/or sodium lauryl sulfate. The silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composites were characterized with Fourier trans form infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible/near‐infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3912–3918, 2006     

Gemini表面活性剂的研究现状及其前景

Gem in i表面活性剂具有特殊的结构与性质,所以也就具有了独特的用途。本文从合成、应用等方面系统地分析了Gem in i表面活性剂国内外研究现状,重点介绍了国内的最新研究进展,并展望了其发展前景。     

松香基吉米奇(Gemini)季铵盐的合成与应用

以天然松香、四甲基乙二胺、环氧氯丙烷为原料,制备出松香基吉米奇(Gem in i)季铵盐,成盐最佳温度80℃,酯化最佳温度140℃。产品可用于阳离子分散松香胶乳化剂、农药增效剂、阳离子沥青乳化剂。