Field trapping of threeEpinotia species with (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field survey of the geometrical isomers of 7,9-dodecadienyl alcohol, acetate, and aldehyde has resulted in attractants and inhibitors for three species of tortricid moths.Epinotia silvertoniensis and an undescribedEpinotia sp. were all attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate. AnotherEpinotia sp. was attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Electroantennogram data and inhibition patterns for one of theEpinotia sp. are also reported. In addition,E. criddleana was attracted to lures containing (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate.     

Lipase-catalyzed esterification of lactic acid with straight-chain alcohols

Enzymatic synthesis of esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols with different chain lengths (C₆–C₁₈) were investigated in batch reactions with hexadecanol (C₁₆) as the model alcohol. Cyclohexane was the best solvent for higher ester yields, and the best biocatalyst was the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) as well as the textile-immobilized Candida sp. lipase. A method was established to obtain ester yields in the range of 71 to 82% for the different alcohols, and the most favorable conditions for the esterification reaction using Novozym 435 were an equimolar ratio of lactic acid to alcohol, each at a concentration of 120 mM each; a 50°C reaction temperature; 190 rpm shaking speed; and the addition of 100 mg molecular sieves (4 Å) for drying. The ester yield increased with increasing lipase load, and a yield of 79.2% could be obtained after 24 h of reaction at 20 wt% of Novozym 435. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase prepared in the laboratory also could be used to produce esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols, but it had a much lower activity than Novozym 435 with a temperature optimum of 40°C.     

Lipase PS-catalyzed transesterification of citronellyl butyrate and geranyl caproate: Effect of reaction parameters

Pseudomonas sp. lipase PS was immobilized by adsorption and tested for its ability to catalyze the synthesis of citronellyl butyrate and geranyl caproate by transesterification in n-hexane. The reaction parameters investigated were: enzyme load, effect of substrate concentration, added water, temperature, time course, organic solvent, pH memory, and enzyme reuse. Yields as high as 96 and 99% were obtained for citronellyl butyrate and geranyl caproate, respectively, with 300 units (approx. 15% w/w of reactants) of lipase PS. Increasing amounts of terpene alcohol inhibited lipase activity, while excess acyl donor (triacylglycerol) concentration enhanced ester production. Optimal yields were obtained at temperatures from 30–50°C after 24-h incubation time. Yields of 90 and 99% were obtained for citronellyl and geranyl esters, respectively, with 2% added water. Solvents with log P values ≥ 2.5 showed the highest conversion yields. pH 7 and 6–8 seemed to be ideal for citronellyl butyrate and geraniol caproate, respectively. The lipase remained active after reusing 12 times.     

金属离子对红球菌腈水合酶活力的影响

不同金属离子对红球菌（Rhodococcus sp．）TCCC 28001的生长及其腈水合酶的酶活有着不同程度的影响．菌株TCCC 28001产生的腈水合酶是钴型,且Co^2＋对该腈水合酶诱导激活的最适浓度为10×10^-5mol／L．选择酵母粉中含有且含量波动较大的5种金属离子,考察了在添加10×10^-5 mol／L Co^2＋诱导激活下,5种金属离子对酶活的影响．结果表明：Fe^2＋,Mn^2＋,Mo^6＋,Cu^2＋4种金属离子具有促进作用,Zn^2＋产生轻微抑制作用．6×10^-5mol／L Fe^2＋的促进效果显著,使菌株TCCC 28001的酶活从453U／mL增加到1941U／mL,提高了328％．     

Rhodococcus sp-1的Mn~(2+)生物去除能力及诱导特性

利用传统的细菌分离方法,从地下水生物除锰滤池中分离、纯化出1株细菌,经LBB(leucoberbelin blue)法定性检测其具有Mn2+氧化能力,利用Sherlock细菌鉴定系统初步确定其属于红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp).对红球菌Rhodococcus sp-1菌株的生物除锰能力和诱导特性研究结果表明,Rhodococcus sp-1菌株在达到第1个生长稳定期,细菌浓度2.3×108个/mL时,其Mn2+的去除量可达到35 mg/L,具有很强的Mn2+生物去除能力;同时Fe的存在对Rhodococcus sp-1 Mn2+氧化活性的表达具有诱导作用,在相同培养条件下,Fe3+的诱导性强于Fe2+,其诱导速度是Fe2+的3~4倍;有机Fe3+的诱导性强于无机Fe3+,其诱导速度是无机Fe3+的1.6~2倍.     

日本草在南方红壤山边沟果园套种适应性研究

通过对南方红壤山边沟果园套种日本草适应性的研究,发现新开山边沟果园4月套种日本草扦插苗当年的6月分萌数可达6条,8月可达16条,第二年的7月能达11.4条;当年6月干草量可达5 308 kg/hm2,8月达8 523 kg/hm2,比套种百喜草分别低2.61%、13.78%,种植第二年7月达17 333 kg/hm2,比百喜草增加8.33%;当年6月草层厚度可达25 cm,比百喜草低19.35%,当年8月达49 cm,种植第二年7月达46 cm,分别比百喜草高6.52%、2.2%;当年6月覆盖率可达55%,比百喜草低15.38%,当年8月达100%,比百喜草高2.04%,种植第二年7月与百喜草一样达100%;套种日本草当年土壤流失率比裸地减少79.41%,同时能有效改善果园的生态环境.     

5种药用植物挥发油对仓库害虫生物活性的研究

研究了香薷、鹤虱等５种药用植物挥发油对仓虫的生物活性作用。结果表明,香薷挥发油的作用最为明显,它（剂量０２μＬ／ｇ）及其粗分离１＃～５＃样品（剂量００５μＬ／ｇ）均有效地抑制了试虫卵、幼虫及成虫的生长发育,从而减少了试虫Ｆ１代种群的发生,其中粗分离１＃样品作用尤为突出。香薷挥发油１＃～５＃样品的主要化学成分为４,５,６,７,８,８ａ－六氢－８ａ－甲基－２［１Ｈ］－奥酮（５２６４％）、百里香酚（３０５％）和一未定成分（２１９２％）。     

Scanning electron microscopic observations on micro-organisms in the root nodules of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae)

Scanning electron microscopic observations were made on the micro-organisms of root nodules of Tribulus terrestris L. The results showed that nodules of T. terrestris contained dual infection consisting of Rhizobium sp. and Newmania karachiensis. Based on these observations, T. terrestris should be grouped with nonlegume Parasponia-type bacterial nodules.     

链霉菌TD-1代谢产物对饲料中污染霉菌的抑制作用及稳定性

采用对峙培养法,检测分离于土壤中的链霉菌TD-1代谢产物对饲料中污染霉菌构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）、纯绿青霉（Penicillium verrucosum）、赭曲霉（Aspergillus ochraceus）、黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）、茄腐镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）、桔青霉（Penicillum citrinum）、串珠镰刀菌（Fusarium moniliforme）的抑菌活性,结果表明：TD-1菌株代谢产物对以上霉菌具有较强的抑制作用,抑菌带宽度为10 mm左右.通过TD-1菌株的代谢过程曲线发现,该菌株发酵至第6 d抑菌率达90%左右.稳定性试验结果显示：该菌株所产生的活性物质具有较好的耐热性、耐酸碱性、抗紫外辐射能力.