The use of Nannochloropsis sp. as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids in dry pasta: chemical,technological and sensory evaluation

Nannochloropsis is a microalga characterised by having high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid known for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to elaborate dry pasta with a significant contribution of EPA using Nannochloropsis sp., without affecting the quality product and with good consumer acceptance. Technological quality was analysed in terms of cooking properties and texture profile. Cooked pasta was characterised through proximal composition, phenolic compound, fatty acid content and sensorial analysis. It was possible to replace up to 30% of wheat flour with microalgae without affecting the technological quality of pasta and with a significant contribution of EPA to the daily diet (0.237 g per 100 g pasta). The incorporation of 10% and 20% Nannochloropsis in pasta formulation allowed to decrease the n6:n3 ratio from 25:1 to 5:1 and 2:1, respectively. Therefore, the microalgae are an interesting ingredient to increase EPA consumption in products like pasta, while the sensory evaluation confirms the possibility towards a commercial approach.     

假丝酵母吸附241Am的研究

研究了假丝酵母吸附^241Am的行为及各种实验条件对吸附的影响。结果表明：假丝酵母吸附”Am的最适酸度为pH=2，吸附反应在4h左右达到平衡，反应温度在15-45℃之间对吸附影响不大。溶液中1500倍的Au^3 和4500倍的Ag^ 存在对假丝酵母吸附^241Am无明显影响。在^241Am起始体积活度C0为5．6—111MBq/L(质量浓度44．3—877．2μg/L)的溶液中，加入干假丝酵母0．82g/L，对^241Am的吸附率可达97．8％，吸附量w可达63．5MBq／g(501．8μg/g)，表明假丝酵母处理^241Am放射性废液是可行的，其生物吸附过程可由Langmuir吸附等温式来描述。     

Direct electricity production from Microalgae Choricystis sp. and investigation of the boron to enhance the electrogenic activity

In this work, a new bio-electrochemical fuel cell was constructed and the effect of boron was investigated to obtain improved electrogenic activity of a green algae (Choricystis sp.). In a specially designed bio-electrochemical fuel cell, electrode combinations of indium tin oxide (ITO) and a carbon layer are used. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements of algal cells placed bio-electrochemical fuel cells were performed with a cyclic on-off illumination of a LED light source. The results revealed that 60 μM is the efficient boron concentration for the algal growth and pigmentation. Higher doses of boron limited the algal growth. However, the algal growth reduced slightly at higher doses, pointing out a possible boron export mechanism in green algae. OCP analysis showed that hydrogen was electro-catalytically reduced at the cathode site and an 18 mV voltage was obtained from boron-deficient (0 μM) Choricystis sp. samples. A significant enhancement in voltage output up to 33 mV was achieved from 60 μM of boron-treated algal samples. The maximum power density was calculated from the boron-treated Choricystis sp. at pseudo-steady state as 42.2 mW m⁻² at a current density of 154 mA m⁻².     

Observations on the oral organelle,cytopharynx, and subpellicular structure of a Dileptus sp.

We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the oral organelle, cytopharynx, and subpellicular structure of a Dileptus sp. The main results were as follows: (a) the cytostome was located on the ventral surface of the base of the beak, surrounded by a periportal matrix that integrated 135 microtube bundles. When these microtube bundles contract, radially arranged into a disk, the cytostome was closed. When these microtube bundles were stretch, they fell into the cytostome and opens. The diameter of the cytostome was about 16 μm regardless of its closure or opening, indicating that the contraction or elongation of these microtube bundles did not change the size of the cytostome, which was only related to whether it blocked the cytostome, thus determining the opening and closing of the cytostome. There were many microtube bundles on two sides of the feeding trough, which could widen or narrow the feeding trough and facilitate beak feeding. (b) The cytopharynx was basket‐like without a bottom with a diameter of about 6 μm and was woven from two kind fibers about 0.08 and 0.19 μm. (c) There were two types of extrusomes under the pellicle. Using transmission electron microscopy,the Type I extrusomes showed narrow and long egg shape, its cross section was circular which is composed by various electronic density of concentric. Using the scanning electron microscope, they were two slightly thin clavate, the length was about 5 μm, the diameter of the middle section was about 0.75 μm, and the diameter of the two ends was about 0.32 μm, they were distributed abundantly between the microtubule fasciculi which were located on both sides of the gap on the feeding groove. Using transmission electron microscopy, the Type II extrusomes showed egg shape. Using the scanning electron microscopy, they were about 1.6 × 0.8 μm in size, they were distributed abundantly under the body pellicle while rarely the proboscis. In addition, many different of developmental stages two types of extrusomes could be also seen in the cytoplasm. (d) There were very well‐developed fibrous systems under the pellicle that were woven from fibers about 0.14 μm in diameter that attached to the pellicle and bound some organelles in the cytoplasm (e.g., mitochondria, extrusomes) and other structures to the cytoplasm and maintained cell morphology. The results of this study not only supplement and enrich the morphological contents of the Dileptus sp., but also provide the basis for the study of the taxonomy of the Dileptus sp. It also provides a new method for researchers to explore the morphology and structure of ciliate cells under the cortex by SEM.     

碳源对圆酵母(Torula sp.)B84512发酵合成赤藓糖醇及副产物甘油的影响

研究了圆酵母(Torula sp.)B84512以不同碳源发酵产赤藓糖醇过程中副产物甘油的生成与消耗情况。发现该菌株在以任何碳源为底物发酵过程中均会产生甘油,且在发酵中后期甘油逐渐被消耗。以甘油为唯一碳源时该菌株合成赤藓糖醇的速率及产率均低于葡萄糖。葡萄糖为圆酵母B84512发酵产赤藓糖醇的最佳碳源。采用分批补料的方式提高赤藓糖醇的产率并期望能抑制甘油的生成,实验结果表明补料至总糖浓度为50%时赤藓糖醇产量最高为253 g/L,产率为1.03 g/(L.h)。但甘油产量与葡萄糖的浓度呈正相关,分批补料并不能有效抑制甘油的生成,反而导致发酵周期大大延长,对于工业化生产极其不利。通过对甘油的生成及消耗过程中关键酶胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(ctGPD)、3-磷酸甘油酯酶(GPP)、线粒体3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(mtGPD)酶活测定,确定胞浆3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶为甘油合成途径的关键酶,为以后对圆酵母B84512中甘油代谢途径的基因工程改造选育奠定了基础。     

槟榔炮制阶段优势霉菌分析及其防霉剂的研制

分别采用营养琼脂培养基、高盐察氏培养基、牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基、高氏1号培养基、马铃薯营养琼脂培养基（加入山梨醇）分析炮制阶段槟榔中微生物菌群的基本构相,其中霉菌为主要菌群,数量为总菌落数的30％左右;进一步对炮制阶段槟榔中的霉菌进行分离纯化,经斜面和湿室栽片培养后,所得青霉菌株数为菌株总数的40％左右,表明青霉为优势霉菌。分别采用钠他霉素、脱氢醋酸钠及其复合防霉剂对青霉进行抑菌活性测定,三者的MIC值分别为10,90,80mg／kg,抑菌圈直径分别为8．4,9．8,9．1nim,同时确定钠他霉素与脱氢醋酸钠以1：500混合时对青霉的防霉效果最佳。     

Enhancement of nutraceutical properties of licorice callus cultures using sample pre-treatment strategy

Licorice is an herbal plant in the Leguminosae family, and its roots and rhizomes are used as sweeteners in food and confectionery products. Moreover, it has a distinct inflammatory activity. In the present study, a sample pre-treatment method to induce the deglycosylation of active metabolites in callus cultures of Glycyrrhiza inflata (GI) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) was developed. The results of the method evaluation showed the biotransformation of ononin to formononetin, a rare flavonoid found in trace amounts in licorice. The magnitude of enhancement was 3- and 19-fold in the GI and GG samples, respectively. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity assay showed that the potency of the sample pre-treatment group was higher than that of the untreated group because it exerted an enhanced suppression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. This is the first report on the anti-inflammatory activity of licorice callus, which has the potential to be utilised as a functional food for health promotion. These findings support the idea of using sample preparation to impart nutraceutical properties to plant products.     

红曲菌液态发酵产天然黄色素的条件优化

该实验旨在通过优化发酵条件,提高红曲黄色素的产量。该实验室前期筛选获得了1株产黄色素的菌株sjs-6,以此为试验菌株,对培养基的碳源、氮源、Mg²⁺添加量、初始pH、培养温度进行了优化。并通过液质联用、核磁共振检测该红曲黄色素中的主要成分。结果表明,当麦芽糖80 g/L,(NH₄)₂SO₄10 g/L,MgSO₄1. 0 g/L,培养基初始pH值为6. 0,30℃下恒温培养时黄色素的色价最高,可达508. 61 U/mL,是未优化前的1. 52倍。经分析鉴定,该红曲黄色素中的主要成分为红曲素Monascin,纯度为97%。该研究为天然红曲黄色素的工业化生产提供了理论依据。