改良TLC-生物自显影引导裸脚菇中抗青、绿霉物质的分离

目的:分离和追踪野生裸脚菇属(0612-9)中抗青、绿霉活性物质。方法:采用正相硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、半制备HPLC等分离活性成分,用改良薄层色谱-生物自显影(即浇注法)追踪活性成分,牛津杯法、薄层色谱-紫外荧光法、10%浓硫酸乙醇显色等方法作为验证方法。结果:共制备5种化合物,分别为Ⅰ1.1、Ⅰ1.2、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3和Ⅱ,改良TLC-生物自显影追踪到4种抗菌活性物质,即Ⅰ1.1、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3和Ⅱ,样品检测量低至18.6μg/mL。结论:本方法具有清晰、准确的优点,适于引导中度极性活性物质,如该裸脚菇抗菌活性物质等的分离。     

Tolerance and removal of chromium（Ⅵ） by Bacillus sp. strain YB-1 isolated from electroplating sludge

Four chromium（Ⅵ）-resistant bacteria named YB-1, YB-2, YB-3 and YB-4 were isolated from Cr-electroplating sludge. YB-1 and YB-2 were identified as a member of Bacillus sp. based on morphology and Biolog Microstation System. The strain of YB-1 was selected to test for its resistance and ability to remove Cr（Ⅵ） from aqueous solution. The results indicate that YB-1 exhibits high MIC value which can almost reach 140 mg/L and the growth of YB-1 in liquid medium containing 60 mg/L Cr（Ⅵ） is affected especially in the late exponential phase and stationary phase. Furthermore, the potential of living and freeze-dried YB-1 biomass to remove Cr（Ⅵ） was studied in different pH, biosorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration using the batch method. At the optimal conditions, living and freeze-dried biomass are capable of absorbing 34.5 mg/g and 17.8 mg/g chromium（Ⅵ） at initial concentration of 60 mg/L, respectively. The adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm model for these two sorbents. Kinetic studies show that the rates of sorption all follow the pseudo-second order kinetics.     

海洋链霉菌LY-1的抗细菌特性研究

从连云港海域潮间带所采的土样中分离到一株产高活性抗细菌物质的链霉菌LY-1。抗菌谱测定结果表明菌株LY-1 发酵产物对枯草芽孢杆菌等5 株革兰氏阳性菌,大肠杆菌等6 株革兰氏阴性菌有显著拮抗作用。稳定性研究表明该菌所产抗细菌物质在121℃,pH1 和pH12 条件下抑菌活性均不变;紫外线照射也不影响其抑细菌活性。该抗菌产物对蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌生长的抑制作用研究表明,该抗菌产物能够较好的抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的生长繁殖。菌株LY-1 所产抗菌物质在海产品及食品保鲜、生防及医药方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

轮梗霉融合菌株D-A1富集硒的培养条件研究

采用轮梗霉融合株D-A1作为富硒的载体,进行轮梗霉富硒条件优化。通过单因素试验研究不同的碳源、氮源、碳源浓度、温度、转速、pH值、接种量和装液量对轮梗霉富硒的影响。并选取对轮梗霉富硒影响较大的碳源、氮源、温度和转速进行正交试验。结果表明,发酵培养基中亚硒酸钠浓度为90μg/ml时,轮梗霉在优化的发酵条件下：麦芽糖100g/L、酵母膏10g/L、温度18℃、摇床转速120r/min,菌体硒含量最终可达3266.79μg/g,细胞富集的有机态硒占总富硒量的85.08%。以不加硒处理为对照,富硒轮梗霉的不饱和脂肪酸含量提高,亚油酸的含量是对照的1.20倍,花生四烯酸含量是对照的1.24倍,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量是对照的1.71倍。     

反式茴脑生物降解菌株的筛选及其生物转化

以广西特色香料资源茴油为碳源,开展了反式茴脑生物降解菌株的筛选工作,并对反式茴脑生物转化过程进行了初步研究,以期获得的菌株能催化茴油中的主要成分反式茴脑,合成高附加值的天然香料或医药中间体。通过富集培养的方法,从八角树下土壤中筛选能将反式茴脑转化生成茴香醛或茴香酸的细菌菌株,采用薄层层析法、分光光度法和HPLC法相结合对转化液进行分析。结果筛选到一株细菌菌株BT-13能以茴油为碳源高产茴香酸。从形态、生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定细菌菌株BT-13为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）。     

Effect of ionic liquid on the toxicity of pesticide to Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

Ionic liquids (ILs) are novel green chemicals and used to replace traditional volatile organic solvents in industrial processes. Yet the potential effects of ILs on the toxicities of chemicals such as pesticides had been poorly studied. The aim of this paper is to determine the joint toxicity between IL and pesticide. Desmetryn (DES) and dichlorvos (DIC) were chosen as representatives of pesticides and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (IL1) and 1-butyl-pyridinium bromide (IL2) as those of ILs. The toxicities of the pesticides and ILs as well as their binary mixtures on Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis. A simplified central composite design (SCCD) was employed to design the concentration distribution of components in binary mixtures to effectively detect the possible toxic interactions between pesticide and IL over the whole concentration range. Results showed that all the binary mixtures between pesticide and IL exhibited a similar toxicity action rule, i.e., displayed a synergistic interaction in a high concentration region, an additive action in a medium concentration region, and an antagonistic interaction in a low concentration region. The reason how to produce the toxic interaction is still under study.     

2种典型预氧化工艺对混凝去除假鱼腥藻及其代谢嗅味物质2-MIB的影响机制

以原水中常见产嗅假鱼腥藻为对象, 研究Al3+混凝工艺对假鱼腥藻及其代谢嗅味物质2-甲基异莰醇(2-Methylisoborneol简称2-MIB)的去除效果.结果表明最优Al3+投量为3 mg/L.同时, 研究了高锰酸钾与次氯酸钠预氧化对混凝效果的影响:低浓度高锰酸钾对混凝效果影响不明显, 浓度增加至2 mg/L时, 混凝效果开始下降; 次氯酸钠预氧化不仅会降低混凝效果, 还会导致胞内2-MIB释放.三维荧光数据表明预氧化会导致藻细胞破裂使得胞内有机物释放, 并影响混凝效果.      

鞘氨醇单胞菌发酵生产韦兰胶培养基优化研究

韦兰胶是由鞘氨醇单胞菌（Sphingomonas sp.）分泌的一种可溶性胞外多糖。该研究以实验室保存的一株韦兰胶生产菌Sphingomonas sp. 511的产胶率为指标,在单因素试验确定显著因素的基础上,通过最陡爬坡试验确定显著因素的较优水平,再经响应面法设计试验优化韦兰胶发酵培养基,得出韦兰胶最佳发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖35.5 g/L,豆粕6.3 g/L,K2HPO4 2.4 g/L,在此条件下韦兰胶的产胶率达24.87 g/L。     

一株产果胶酶荷叶内生真菌的分离鉴定

以果胶为唯一碳源,通过刚果红染色法从荷叶中筛出1株产果胶酶的内生真菌HY2。根据形态学特征与ITS序列分析,将菌株HY2鉴定为炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum sp.)。该菌在28 ℃、150 r/min条件下发酵培养10 d,经3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS)法测定发酵液中果胶酶酶活为62.9 U/mL。