2-乙基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂 ,巯基乙醇与丙醛 (摩尔比 1∶ 1 .1 )在苯中共沸脱水 ,合成目标产物2 -乙基 - 1 ,3-氧硫杂环戊烷。产物产率为 91 % ,质量分数为 96%。经红外光谱、色 -质联用和核磁共振谱检测 ,确证了产物结构。此方法简便易行 ,产率较高     

2-甲基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷和2-丙基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂 ,巯基乙醇与乙醛、丁醛 (量比为 1.0∶1.1)在苯中共沸脱水 ,合成两种目标产物 :2 甲基 1,3 氧硫杂环戊烷、2 丙基 1,3 氧硫杂环戊烷。其产率分别为 81%和 88% ,质量分数分别为 99%和 98%。经红外光谱、色谱、质谱、核磁共振谱检测 ,确证了产物结构。此方法简便易行 ,产率较高     

Water–alcohol separation by pervaporation through zeolite‐modified poly(amidesulfonamide)

Pervaporation membranes were fabricated by blending different amount of zeolite NaA or NaX with three types of poly(amidesulfonamide) (PASA). The zeolite‐filled membranes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, SEM, sorption measurements, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. By adding the proper amount of NaA into the polymer casting solutions, the resultant zeolite‐filled membranes exhibited improvement in both selectivity and permeability in the separation of 10% aqueous solutions of ethanol and propan‐1‐ol, as compared with the zeolite free membrane. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1323–1329, 2001     

流花油田老化油高频/高压脉冲交流电场破乳脱水研究

在测定老化油乳化液粘度-温度曲线、含水率反相点曲线的基础上,采用静态静电聚结破乳实验装置研究了油水反相特性对电场破乳脱水效果的影响,使用自主搭建的动态破乳脱水特性快速评价装置研究了高频/高压脉冲交流电场下电场强度和频率对老化油乳化液破乳脱水效果的影响. 结果表明,流花油田老化油反相点含水率约为40%,油水反相过程中乳化液粘度增加,电场破乳脱水难度增大;老化油乳化液含水率为30%时,最优电场强度1.25 kV/cm、电场频率2.5 kHz下破乳后的离心脱水率为97.8%,远高于工频电场下的离心脱水率(4.2%),高频/高压电场破乳比工频/高压电场破乳优势明显.     

Succinic Acid Production in Fed‐Batch Fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Using Glycerol as Carbon Source

Considering glycerol as an inexpensive alternative carbon source, the optimal glycerol concentration for succinic acid production with Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens was identified in shake‐flask trials. The addition of a defined amount of glucose improved the growth and succinic acid productivity significantly. In fed‐batch processes with glycerol as sole substrate, a maximum succinic acid concentration and product substrate yield were obtained. The addition of glucose led to a 2.5‐fold increased succinic acid concentration whereas the product substrate yield remained nearly constant.     

快烧对磷石膏脱水相组成及胶凝性能的影响

去除可溶磷杂质和脱水是利用磷石膏制备胶凝材料必需的处理过程。通过改变快烧温度和时间对磷石膏进行处理,分别测定快烧磷石膏可溶磷含量、脱水相组成和胶凝性能,并对几种典型快烧条件下的磷石膏矿物组成和形貌进行分析,同时与经水洗后150℃煅烧4 h制备的磷石膏胶凝材料进行对比。结果表明:快烧后磷石膏为Ca SO4·2H2O、Ca SO4·1/2H2O和Ⅲ、Ⅱ型Ca SO4组成的复相石膏体系,可溶磷杂质含量随快烧温度提高和时间延长明显降低;800℃快烧30 s得到的磷石膏胶凝材料强度最高,2 h抗压强度达到3.79 MPa;经快烧处理磷石膏的颗粒尺寸明显减小。800℃快烧30 s能有效降低磷石膏中可溶磷杂质含量,并获得较高强度的磷石膏胶凝材料;虽然相比水洗后煅烧工艺,快烧制备的磷石膏胶凝材料强度和可溶磷杂质去除率稍低,但快烧是一种具有竞争力的处理工艺。     

脱氢枞基咪唑啉的制备及结构表征

对脱氢枞酸二乙烯三胺盐(Ⅱ)进行热重分析,提出了一种制备脱氢枞基咪唑啉(Ⅳ)的方法。将脱氢枞酸(Ⅰ)用带水剂二甲苯溶解,滴加到热的二乙烯三胺(DETA)中进行高温液液短接触脱水缩合反应,得到产品;DETA既是反应物,又是产品的不良溶剂,还起到调控反应温度的作用;二甲苯受热快速蒸发并将反应生成的水带离反应体系。反应结束后,该产品易于从反应混合物中冷却结晶析出、过滤分离,经元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、1HNMR及13CNMR核磁共振谱的波谱结构表征确证。反应物料比可以改变反应体系的温度,进而对产品产率与外观色泽有较大的影响;在化合物Ⅰ的用量为30 mmol、DETA与化合物Ⅰ的物质的量之比为15.7、反应温度为210℃的条件下,产品产率为86.0%。     

A semicontinuous approach for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation processes

The separation of azeotropes has substantial energy and investment costs, and the available methods require high capital costs for reconstruction of process plants. As an alternative, a semicontinuous configuration that utilizes an existing plant with minor modifications has been explored. In this paper, a semicontinuous, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process is proposed and acetic acid dehydration process is used as a case study. To carry out the simulation work, Aspen HYSYS^® simulation software is used along with MATLAB^® and an interface program to handle the mode-transition of the semicontinuous process. Sensitivity analyses on operating parameters are performed to identify the process limits. Comparisons are made to conventional heterogeneous azeotropic distillation, and dividing-wall distillation column on the annual cost. The results proved that the semicontinuous system is the best setup in terms of total annual costs and energy requirements.     

PVA复合膜的渗透汽化性能研究：（Ⅰ）操作条件和长期运行的影响

本文研究了以ＰＡＮ膜为支撑层的ＰＶＡ复合膜分离醇水溶液的性能。着眼于工业应用，揭示了渗透汽化操作条件对分离性能的影响，展示了长期运行时的分离性能。结果表明，ＰＶＡ复合膜具有高渗透通量和优异分离率，长期运行性能稳定。     

蓖麻油多官能团反应进展

蓖麻油分子中含有羟基、酯基、烯键等官能团,其中二种或三种官能团组合能进行一系列化学反应,已合成出许多新的蓖麻油衍生物,开发出很多新的用途,现对其系列化学反应进行综述归类,系统地介绍蓖麻油多官能团组合所能发生的反应,简述不同反应产物的多种用途,便于新反应的设计和新产品的开发,提高蓖麻油深加工技术。