TiAl基合金双态组织的控制

研究了TiAl合金双态组织的显微组织参数对力学性能的影响 ,通过对Ti 46 5Al 2Cr 1 5Nb 1V金属间化合物进行特定的热处理 ;分别获得了具有相同晶粒大小、不同片层晶粒体积分数 ,以及相同片层晶粒体积分数、不同晶粒大小显微组织的两个系列的双态复相TiAl合金。研究结果表明 :对于双态复相组织 ,晶粒尺寸由预备热处理过程中的退火时间来控制 ;而片层晶粒体积分数则通过后续热处理温度来控制 ,不同片层晶粒含量双态组织的晶粒尺度可以通过后续热处理时间来控制     

Nonclassical constitutive model involving void evolution of casting magnesium alloy

The void evolution equation and the elastoplastic constitutive model of casting magnesium alloy were investigated. The void evolution equation consists of the void growth and the void nucleation equations. The void growth equation was obtained based on the continuous supposition of the material matrix, and the void nucleation equation was derived by assuming that the void nucleation follows a normal distribution. A softening function related to the void evolution was given. After the softening function was embedded to a nonclassical elastoplastic constitutive equation, a constitutive model involving void evolution was obtained. The numerical algorithm and the finite element procedure related to the constitutive model were developed and applied to the analysis of the distributions of the stress and the porosity of the notched cylindrical specimens of casting magnesium alloy ZL305. The computed results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.     

一种测量气--液两相流的线列阵传感器设计

针对气—液两相流研究对含气率测量的需求,基于线列阵测量技术原理,设计了一种可移动式线列阵两相流测量传感器,该传感器具有较高的空间分辨率（3 mm）和极高的时间分辨率（2500 Hz）,设计了线列阵传感器标定和含气率算法,实现了瞬时二维局部含气率的测量。经过射流冲击试验验证表明：该线列阵传感器结构稳定,基于原始测量数据,采用标定和含气率求解算法,可计算气泡夹带现象在水平截面的平均含气率分布情况。     

基于改进最小噪声分离变换的特征提取与分类

在最小噪声分离变换的基础上,引入核方法,采用小波核函数代替传统核函数对最小噪声分离变换予以改进。小波核函数的多分辨率分析特性可进一步提高算法的非线性映射能力。相关向量机高光谱图像分类是一种较新的高光谱图像分类方法,将新型核最小噪声分离变换方法与相关向量机相结合,对高光谱影像数据进行分类实验。仿真实验结果表明,基于小波核最小噪声分离变换的方法体现了高光谱影像的非线性特征,将所提出的方法应用于HYDICE系统在Washington DC Mall上空拍摄的数据,与对照算法相比,分类精度可提高3%~8%,并可有效地提高小样本区域的分类精度。     

瓦斯突变预警上限值确定方法的研究

针对现有煤矿安全监控系统采用超限原理,以瓦斯传感器测量值为判断依据,无法及时发现预定报警值以下范围内瓦斯异常变化的问题,提出了一种不超限瓦斯突变预警方法,介绍了静态预警和动态预警两种不超限瓦斯突变报警方法。结合余吾煤业N2202工作面探头数据,分别对不超限瓦斯突变预警基础数据的静态数据和动态数据进行了分层抽样及分布的验证和拟合,得出静态预警和动态预警的基础数据基本符合正态分布的结论。提出采用假设检验和区间估计等实时计算静态预警和动态预警上限值的方法,并采用N2202工作面探头数据进行了验证。     

煤矿供电系统过电压研究

针对某煤矿35kV供电系统在雷暴日经常发生过电压现象的问题,分析了过电压产生的原因,指出是分频谐振引起系统电压异常,电压互感器和架空线路的对地电容是引起分频谐振的元件,通过分析该供电系统的谐振过电压参数,给出了相应的改造方案,即更换励磁伏安特性较好的电压互感器,在电压互感器高压侧中性点加装非线性消谐器,安装多功能智能消谐装置。实际运行表明,该改造方案实施后,35kV供电系统未发生谐振过电压现象,运行可靠。     

Temporal persistence and stability of surface soil moisture in a semi-arid watershed

Satellite soil moisture products, such as those from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), require diverse landscapes for validation. Semi-arid landscapes present a particular challenge to satellite remote sensing validation using traditional techniques because of the high spatial variability and potentially rapid rates of temporal change in moisture conditions. In this study, temporal stability analysis and spatial sampling techniques are used to investigate the representativeness of ground observations at satellite scale soil moisture in a semi-arid watershed for a long study period (March 1, 2002 to September 13, 2005). The watershed utilized, the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, has a dense network of 19 soil moisture sensors, distributed over a 150 km² study region. In conjunction with this monitoring network, intensive gravimetric soil moisture sampling conducted as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2004 (SMEX04), contributed to the calibration of the network for large-scale estimation during the North American Monsoon System (NAMS). The sensor network is shown to be an excellent estimator of the watershed average with an accuracy of approximately 0.01 m³/m³ soil moisture. However, temporal stability analysis indicated that while much of the network is stable, the soil moisture spatial pattern, as represented by mean relative difference, is not replicated by the network mean relative difference pattern. Rather, the network is composed of statistical samples. Geophysical aspects of the watershed, including topography and soil type are also examined for their influence on the soil moisture variability and stability. Soil type, as characterized by bulk density, clay and sand content, was responsible for nearly 50% of the temporal stability. Topographic effects were less important in defining representativeness and stability.     

Combining the triangle method with thermal inertia to estimate regional evapotranspiration — Applied to MSG-SEVIRI data in the Senegal River basin

Spatially distributed estimates of evaporative fraction and actual evapotranspiration are pursued using a simple remote sensing technique based on a remotely sensed vegetation index (NDVI) and diurnal changes in land surface temperature. The technique, known as the triangle method, is improved by utilizing the high temporal resolution of the geostationary MSG-SEVIRI sensor. With 15 min acquisition intervals, the MSG-SEVIRI data allow for a precise estimation of the morning rise in land surface temperature which is a strong proxy for total daytime sensible heat fluxes. Combining the diurnal change in surface temperature, dT_s with an interpretation of the triangular shaped dT_s − NDVI space allows for a direct estimation of evaporative fraction. The mean daytime energy available for evapotranspiration (R_n − G) is estimated using several remote sensors and limited ancillary data. Finally regional estimates of actual evapotranspiration are made by combining evaporative fraction and available energy estimates. The estimated evaporative fraction (EF) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) for the Senegal River basin have been validated against field observations for the rainy season 2005. The validation results showed low biases and RMSE and R² of 0.13 [−] and 0.63 for EF and RMSE of 41.45 W m^− 2 and R² of 0.66 for ET.     

基于截面含气率的气／液两相流相关速度测量

基于双截面电阻层析成像技术进行气／液两相流的相关速度测试研究,分析了相关速度测量原理,提出了基于截面含气率的相关测速方法。通过插值增加上游、下游双截面含气率的采样数据,利用独立开发的软件系统具有的数据存储与回放功能对基于截面含气率的相关测速方法进行评定实验。实验结果表明：该方法测速精度较高,且稳定可靠。     

不同网络负载的Ad Hoc网络路由协议性能分析

通过实验对一种表驱动路由协议(DSDV)以及其中两种按需式路由协议(DSR和AODV)协议的性能进行比较和分析.利用NS-2仿真软件,设计了基于不同网络负载的多组仿真模型,并根据模型进行仿真.之后从分组投递率、时延和路由负荷三个性能指标参数对仿真结果进行了比较.实验结果表明:按需式路由协议DSR和AODV要优于基于表驱动的路由协议DSDV;在两种按需式路由协议之间,随着不同网络负载的加重,AODV协议比DSR协议的性能优势越来越明显.同时分析了造成不同协议之间性能差距的原因,针对AODV协议提出了今后的改进方向.