原子力显微镜在高分子物理实验教学中的应用

原子力显微镜主要用来表征样品的表面结构与形貌,操作容易、简便,分辨能力可达到纳米级别,是目前对材料分析与纳米科技研究的重要工具之一.以聚合物的支化结构、聚氨酯的微相分离结构、聚合物的结晶熔融行为和流延法单向拉伸制备高密度聚乙烯微孔膜4个实验为例,将原子力显微镜运用于高分子物理实验教学中,以更好地阐明聚合物结构与性能之间的关系,使学生可以更好地理解相关高分子物理的基本概念和理论,同时使他们分析和解决问题的能力得到提升.     

Pure Chitosan Biomedical Textile Fibers from Mixtures of Low- and High-Molecular Weight Bidisperse Polymer Solutions: Processing and Understanding of Microstructure–Mechanical Properties’ Relationship

Natural polymers, as extracted from biomass, may exhibit large macromolecular polydispersity. We investigated the impact of low molar mass chitosan (LMW, DP_w~115) on the properties of chitosan fibers obtained by wet spinning of chitosan solutions with bimodal distributions of molar masses. The fiber crystallinity index (CrI) was assessed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and the mechanical properties were obtained by uniaxial tensile tests. The LMW chitosan showed to slightly increase the crystallinity index in films which were initially processed from the bimodal molar mass chitosan solutions, as a result of increased molecular mobility and possible crystal nucleating effects. Nevertheless, the CrI remained almost constant or slightly decreased in stretched fibers at increasing content of LMW chitosan in the bidisperse chitosan collodion. The ultimate mechanical properties of fibers were altered by the addition of LMW chitosan as a result of a decrease of entanglement density and chain orientation in the solid state. An increase of crystallinity might not be expected from LMW chitosan with a still relatively high degree of polymerization (DPw ≥ 115). Instead, different nucleation agents—either smaller molecules or nanoparticles—should be used to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan fibers for textile applications.     

FRP与混凝土组合结构研究综述

提出一种在塑性铰区域采用高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)替代混凝土来改善FRP筋-钢筋增强混凝土柱抗震性能的新方法。对FRP筋-钢筋增强ECC-混凝土构件进行了低周往复荷载试验,系统地考察了基体材料、筋材种类、轴压比对构件破坏模态、裂缝模式、承载力、残余变形、延性和耗能能力的影响。结果表明,将ECC替代塑性铰区域混凝土能够有效避免FRP筋的受压屈曲,进而显著提升组合柱的抗震性能。与钢筋增强ECC-混凝土组合柱相比,复合筋增强ECC-混凝土组合柱的残余变形明显更小,且屈服后的刚度更高。随着轴压比的增大,构件极限强度升高但变形能力降低。通过有限元参数分析可知,组合柱的承载力和变形能力均随着ECC抗压强度及总配筋率的增大而增大;在总配筋率不变的情况下,FRP筋占比越高,构件的延性越好。     

Epoxy Ring Opening Phase Transfer as a General Route to Water Dispersible Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Their Application as Positive MRI Contrast Agents

A novel and efficient method to produce water dispersible superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is described. Nanoparticles prepared by non‐hydrolytic organic phase methods are subsequently functionalized with (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, a linker that prevents aggregation and is available for subsequent coupling reactions with a wide range of polymers and biomolecules. Ring opening coupling reactions were used to coat the epoxy‐functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with aminated polymers (polyetheramines) or small molecules (arginine). The resulting nanoparticles, with hydrodynamic size of 13 nm, are found to be very stable over extended periods in water or PBS due to the presence of a dense stabilizer layer covalently anchored to the surface. Exceptionally high spin‐lattice relaxivity, r₁, values of 17 s^?1 mM^?1, and low r₂/r₁ ratios of 3.3–3.8 were exhibited in the clinical MRI frequency range, irrespective of the molecule selected for nanoparticle stabilization. As a result the dispersions are excellent candidates for incorporation into multi‐functional assemblies or for use as positive contrast agent for MRI.     

新型防水材料的应用和传统防水设计理念的更新

通过近年来对新型防水材料的工程设计和应用实践,以全新的角度对刚性和柔性防水体系的特点进行了分析和研究,提出了以刚性为主,柔性为辅的新防水结构体系设计理念,同时指出了传统防水设计方面存在的一些误区和缺陷。     

PEV高分子自粘卷材在重庆轨道三号线防水工程中的应用

介绍了PEV高分子自粘卷材的材料性能,阐述了该材料在重庆轨道三号线防水工程中的应用,主要包括卷材在隧道底板、侧墙和拱顶等部位的施工工艺。     

提高共面转换液晶显示器件响应时间的研究

利用液晶弹性理论和动力学理论对共面转换液晶显示器件响应时间参数进行了分析, 将聚合物网络引入这种模式, 利用聚合物网络对液晶的锚定作用, 使得 Ｉ Ｐ Ｓ液晶显示器件的下降响应时间得到极大改善。实验结果表明, 聚合物的百分比含量对器件的响应时间、阈值电压、对比度有较大影响。     

Stabilizing Polymer–Lithium Interface in a Rechargeable Solid Battery

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are promising candidates for developing high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries due to their flexible processability. However, the low mechanical strength as well as the inferior interfacial regulation of ions between SPEs and Li metal anode limit the suppress ion of Li dendrites and destabilize the Li anode. To meet these challenges, interfacial engineering aiming to homogenize the distribution of Li⁺/electron accompanied with enhanced mechanical strength by Mg₃N₂ layer decorating polyethylene oxide is demonstrated. The intermediary Mg₃N₂ in situ transforms to a mixed ion/electron conducting interlayer consisting of a fast ionic conductor Li₃N and a benign electronic conductor Mg metal, which can buffer the Li⁺ concentration gradient and level the nonuniform electric current distribution during cycling, as demonstrated by a COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. These characteristics endow the solid full cell with a dendrite‐free Li anode and enhanced cycling stability and kinetics. The innovative interface design will accelerate the commercial application of high‐energy‐density solid batteries.     

基于液晶聚合物的双陷波可穿戴天线的设计

基于超薄液晶聚合物柔性材料,设计了一种满足无线体域网(WBAN)需求的双陷波UWB可穿戴天线。该天线由椭圆形贴片、锥形三叉戟共面馈线和梯形地板组成。通过分别在辐射贴片上蚀刻椭圆开口谐振环和在共面馈线上蚀刻n形槽以实现双陷波特性。该天线采用共面波导的馈电方式,具有良好的共面性,易于与载体共形。经网络矢量分析仪测试结果表明,该天线在3. 1~10. 6 GHz的超宽带频段内回波损耗小于-10 d B的同时,在4. 88~6. 15 GHz和7. 55~8. 51 GHz内拥有双陷波特性,可抑制WiMAX和ITU 8 GHz频段对系统产生的干扰。与以往的可穿戴天线相比,该天线厚度仅为0. 1 mm,且柔性可弯曲。此外,对天线在弯曲情况下进行测试,天线特性基本保持不变。