气相色谱-质谱法分析比较传统同山高粱酒及其改良工艺酒样中的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）提取传统清香型同山高粱酒及其经发酵工艺改良后的酒样Ⅰ、酒样Ⅱ中的香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪对香气成分进行分析。结果显示,除乙醇外,三种清香型白酒中共检测出61种香气成分,其中:传统同山高粱酒中共检测出香气成分35种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、醇类化合物和芳香族化合物,主要香气成分有己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醇、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、丁酸乙酯;酒样Ⅰ中共检测出香气成分45种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、醇类化合物、烷烃类化合物和烯烃类化合物,主要香气成分有乙酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醇、双戊烯、十二烷;酒样Ⅱ中共检测出香气成分41种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、烷烃类化合物、烯烃类化合物和芳香族化合物,主要香气成分有乙酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醇、双戊烯、十四烷。研究结果表明,传统同山高粱酒经发酵工艺改良后,酒中香气成分种类明显增多,酒的口感和风味得到改善。      

三种不同方法提取葵花油的性质比较

本文旨在研究不同提取方法（水酶法;溶剂法;冷榨法）对葵花油的脂肪酸组成、理化性质、酚类物质、生育酚含量、抗氧化活性和氧化稳定性的影响。采用了清除DPPH自由基、抑制β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸乳化体系褪色实验和清除ABTS+·阳离子方法评价葵花油的抗氧化活性,并通过等温DSC测定了三种葵花油的氧化稳定性。结果表明:提取方法对葵花油脂肪酸组成的影响不显著（p<0.05）。与溶剂法和水酶法相比,冷榨法葵花油表现出较优质的产品特性。溶剂法葵花油的总酚含量（TPC,0.29 mg/g）、邻苯二酚含量（ODC,0.45 mmol/kg）和总生育酚含量（TTC,1090.81 mg/kg）最高,并且具有最强的DPPH自由基(IC₅₀,3.54 mg/m L)、ABTS+·阳离子清除能力（TEAC,652.33μmol/L）以及最强的抑制β-胡萝卜素褪色能力（C%,45.93%）。不同提取方法对葵花油的氧化稳定性影响显著（p<0.05）,氧化稳定性依次为:溶剂法>水酶法>冷榨法。      

响应面优化超声波提取油松花粉多酚的工艺研究

研究了油松花粉多酚的超声波辅助提取工艺。在单因素实验结果的基础之上,通过Plackett-Burman筛选,确定出提取温度、料液比和提取时间为显著影响因子,选用3因素3水平的响应面分析法来优化油松花粉多酚的提取工艺。依据数据进行模型拟合和回归分析,确定影响油松花粉总酚得率的重要因素为提取时间和料液比,得出油松花粉多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%、料液比1∶32 g/m L、提取时间为31 min、提取温度为51℃,在此工艺下总酚含量可达6.735 mg/g。实验结果显示,超声波辅助提取有效地优化了油松花粉多酚的提取条件,为其开发利用提供了理论支持。      

Development of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Evaluating the Comprehensive Application of Herbaceous Peony at Low Latitudes

The growing region of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) has been severely constrained due to the intensification of global warming and extreme weather events, especially at low latitudes. Assessing and selecting stress-tolerant and high-quality peony germplasm is essential for maintaining the normal growth and application of peonies under adverse conditions. This study proposed a modified multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for assessing peonies adapted to low-latitude climates based on our previous study. This model is low-cost, timesaving and suitable for screening the adapted peony germplasm under hot and humid climates. The evaluation was conducted through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), three major criteria, including adaptability-related, ornamental feature-related and growth habits-related criteria, and eighteen sub-criteria were proposed and constructed in this study. The model was validated on fifteen herbaceous peonies cultivars from different latitudes. The results showed that ‘Meiju’, ‘Hang Baishao’, ‘Hongpan Tuojin’ and ‘Bo Baishao’ were assessed as Level I, which have strong growth adaptability and high ornamental values, and were recommended for promotion and application at low latitudes. The reliability and stability of the MCDM model were further confirmed by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence of the selected adaptive cultivars ‘Meiju’ and ‘Hang Baishao’ and one maladaptive cultivar ‘Zhuguang’. This study could provide a reference for the introduction, breeding and application of perennials under everchanging unfavorable climatic conditions.     

Nontoxic and Naturally Occurring Active Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Biological Targets in Liriomyza trifolii

In recent years, novel strategies to control insects have been based on protease inhibitors (PIs). In this regard, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have been extensively used to investigate insect gut proteases and the interactions of PIs for the development of resistance against insects. We, herein, report an in silico study of (disodium 5′-inosinate and petunidin 3-glucoside), (calcium 5′-guanylate and chlorogenic acid), chlorogenic acid alone, (kaempferol-3,7-di-O-glucoside with hyperoside and delphinidin 3-glucoside), and (myricetin 3′-glucoside and hyperoside) as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase receptors, actin, α-tubulin, arginine kinase, and histone receptor III subtypes, respectively. The study demonstrated that the inhibitors are capable of forming stable complexes with the corresponding proteins while also showing great potential for inhibitory activity in the proposed protein-inhibitor combinations.     

Isolating Linum usitatissimum L. Nuclear DNA Enabled Assembling High-Quality Genome

High-quality genome sequences help to elucidate the genetic basis of numerous biological processes and track species evolution. For flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)—a multifunctional crop, high-quality assemblies from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) data were unavailable, largely due to the difficulty of isolating pure high-molecular-weight DNA. This article proposes a scheme for gaining a contiguous L. usitatissimum assembly using Nanopore data. We developed a protocol for flax nuclei isolation with subsequent DNA extraction, which allows obtaining about 5 μg of pure high-molecular-weight DNA from 0.5 g of leaves. Such an amount of material can be collected even from a single plant and yields more than 30 Gb of ONT data in two MinION runs. We performed a comparative analysis of different genome assemblers and polishers on the gained data and obtained the final 447.1-Mb assembly of L. usitatissimum line 3896 genome using the Canu—Racon (two iterations)—Medaka combination. The genome comprised 1695 contigs and had an N50 of 6.2 Mb and a completeness of 93.8% of BUSCOs from eudicots_odb10. Our study highlights the impact of the chosen genome construction strategy on the resulting assembly parameters and its eligibility for future genomic studies.     

Development of the Method for Nusinersen and Its Metabolites Identification in the Serum Samples of Children Treated with Spinraza for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

The application of oligonucleotides as drugs for different genetic diseases is increasing rapidly. Since 2016 they are used during spinal muscular atrophy treatment with the use of nusinersen oligonucleotide. The purpose of this study was to improve methods for the analysis of serum samples of patients treated with nusinersen. The results showed that liquid-liquid extraction (with phenol/chloroform) is insufficient and an additional purification step using solid-phase extraction is necessary. The best results were obtained for microextraction by packed sorbents. Important parameters in the optimization of the method were mainly the type of amine in the mobile phase and the stationary phase. Both influenced the selectivity of metabolite separation and thus their correct identification; while amine type impacted also the intensity of signals. Finally, the highest resolution of separation and the highest peak areas were obtained for N,N-dimethylbutylamine or N,N-diisopropylthylamine with an octadecyl column with a terminal aryl group. Over a dozen of metabolites were successfully identified with the use of methods developed during the study. The 3′ exonucleases and 5′ exonucleases were mainly responsible for nusinersen metabolism, consequently, 3′end shortmers, and 5′end shortmers were observed, as well as metabolites with simultaneous loss of bases at both ends of the sequence. However, some depurination and depyrimidination products were also identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on nusinersen and its metabolite identification in serum samples by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.     

p27kip1 Modulates the Morphology and Phagocytic Activity of Microglia

p27^kip1 is a multifunctional protein that promotes cell cycle exit by blocking the activity of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes as well as migration and motility via signaling pathways that converge on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Despite the broad characterization of p27^kip1 function in neural cells, little is known about its relevance in microglia. Here, we studied the role of p27^kip1 in microglia using a combination of in vitro and in situ approaches. While the loss of p27^kip1 did not affect microglial density in the cerebral cortex, it altered their morphological complexity in situ. However, despite the presence of p27^kip1 in microglial processes, as shown by immunofluorescence in cultured cells, loss of p27^kip1 did not change microglial process motility and extension after applying laser-induced brain damage in cortical brain slices. Primary microglia lacking p27^kip1 showed increased phagocytic uptake of synaptosomes, while a cell cycle dead variant negatively affected phagocytosis. These findings indicate that p27^kip1 plays specific roles in microglia.     

风门对矿井火灾烟气流动特性影响的数值模拟研究

为了明确煤矿钻孔煤粉着火影响因素,以及各个因素在火灾防治中的重要性,结合山西保利平山煤矿2次钻孔着火事故,采用层次分析法对钻孔煤粉着火影响因素进行定性定量分析,确定各个影响因素在钻孔着火防治中所占权重。结果表明：施工人员应急处理、施工人员规范作业、监控监测、钻孔施工工艺等是防止钻孔着火的关键因素。同时,根据分析结果中的优先考虑因素,提出一系列防止钻孔煤粉着火的技术建议与治理技术措施,可为煤矿钻孔煤粉着火防治提供科学的理论依据,以进一步促进煤矿安全生产。

     

软煤钻杆研究进展及发展趋势

系统总结了软煤钻孔失稳机理及规律,提出钻孔失稳主要受煤体基本力学性质、孔周应力环境、孔隙压力及钻进方式等因素的影响,指出增大围岩力学强度,减小塑性区范围与钻孔径向位移是提高钻孔稳定性及成孔率的关键。分析了现有钻孔失稳控制技术的适用条件及优缺点,认为研发随钻护孔防喷与可视化修复一体化技术是瓦斯抽采钻孔失稳防治的发展方向。系统梳理了传统注浆加固材料的研究现状,认为研制并使用兼具固孔抑喷与释放瓦斯潜能的纳米浆泡材料,能延长钻孔服务周期,提高瓦斯抽采效率,应用前景可观。