华东热湿地区四种植物群落类型对降温效应的影响研究

中国城市化进程不断推进,城市热岛效应的强度和负面影响越来越大,因此研究绿地植物群落类型对城市降温效应的影响具有重要意义。在实地调研的基础上,采用多元统计和拟合函数模型等方法,利用叶面积指数、三维绿量等因子分析4种植物群落类型的降温效应,以揭示绿地植物群落类型对降温效应影响的内在机制。夏季,4种植物群落类型对降温效应影响趋势分布排序为:乔木—灌木—草坪群落群植小乔木群落乔木—草坪群落乔木—硬质铺装群落;其中乔木—草坪群落与乔木—硬质铺装群落的降温效应较为接近。将反映植物群落特征的因子导入拟合数学方程模型,从而形成对降温效应作用较好的群落结构。研究结果和研究创新之处在于研究结果阐述了绿地植物群落类型对降温效应影响的内在作用机制。     

四相相转移催化氧化芴制备芴酮

该文利用气-质联用仪确证了芴中杂质的结构和含量。反应物和产物的物料衡算揭示:在以二甲苯和水为溶剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂、季铵盐为相转移剂、空气为氧化剂氧化悬浮于二甲苯中的芴制备芴酮的反应中,芴的转化率为100%;芴100%的转化成芴酮和水,无其他副产物;反应前后原料芴中的杂质数目没有变化,每个杂质的物质的量也保持相等。用纯芴在相同的条件进行氧化反应,芴的转化率为100%,得到纯度100%的芴酮,验证了前述结果。从反应液中分离出芴酮后,溶剂、催化剂、相转移剂、水均可循环使用。同时讨论了反应的机理。     

The use of (green field) biomass pretreatment liquor for fermentative butanol production and the catalytic oxidation of biobutanol

In this study, pretreatment liquor of acid-stored green and yellowish barley silage was used for fermentative acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) production. Further, the catalytic oxidation of biobutanol over Pt catalysts was studied to investigate the behaviour of butanol as a fuel in the combustion engine. After the hydrothermal treatment of green and yellowish barley silage followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, approximately 88% and 100% of the available sugars were recovered, respectively. Batch fermentations of pretreatment barley silage liquor, supplemented with gelatinised barley grain, showed good fermentability with total ABE concentrations of 9.0 g/L and 10.9 g/L. Butanol yields of 0.20, 0.17 and ABE yields of 0.28, 0.26 (g/g monosaccharide) were obtained, respectively. In catalytic activity measurements, the conversion of biobutanol became appreciable in the 120–140 °C range, whereas conversions greater than 95% were obtained over 200 °C. Selectivities were also high, although formation of by-products, such as butyraldehyde, was observed.     

High-precision green densities of thick films and their correlation with powder,ink, and film properties

A precise geometrical method employing optical profilometry for green density measurements of thick films is presented that provides a typical reproducibility of 0.1–0.2% theoretical density (TD) and a measurement uncertainty of 0.2–0.4% TD for layer thicknesses of around 50 μm. The procedure can be applied for all thick films with a dried thickness of 10 μm or greater. In a case study, the green densities of screen-printed zirconia layers were investigated as a function of the starting powders (grain sizes from 0.1 to 0.4 μm), the solid content, the chain length of ethyl cellulose as binder and its concentration, and two different dispersants and their concentration. Rheological ink properties, surface roughness, drying stresses from deflection measurements, the mechanical properties of green films, and the equivalent compaction pressure were measured and correlated with the green density data. Compressive binder forces and lubrication effects dominated the packing of the particles.     

Spray Drying of Green Corn Pulp

Maize (Zea mays) is a cereal grown in Brazil, and its availability is limited to the harvest season. An alternative processing route is based on the production of green corn powder, which has a longer shelf-life and increased versatility. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of drying conditions on the physical characteristics, size, and morphology of green corn powder. Drying experiments were performed on a spray dryer according to a central composite rotational design to evaluate inlet air temperature, feed flow rate, and pulp concentration. The yield of dried pulp corn had an average value of 36.19%. The following mean values for the physical properties of the powder were measured: solubility of 94.37 g/100 g, wettability of 128.05 seconds, moisture content of 1.97%, water activity of 0.13, density of 0.79 g/mL, and a particle diameter of 31.02 µm. The powder was also yellow with less intensity, and the particle surface was smooth at higher temperatures and had a tendency to form agglomerates. The estimated optimal conditions for spray drying were 48% (w/w) pulp concentration, 172°C inlet air temperature, and feed flow rate of 0.56 L/h.     

我国广义建筑能耗状况的分析与思考

对广义建筑能耗的组成进行分析,并从运行能耗、建材能耗与间接能耗三方面对我国建筑能耗状况进行分析。结果表明,我国广义建筑能耗与全国总能耗呈现很强的线性相关性,广义建筑能耗与全国总能耗的比例约为45.5%。在广义建筑能耗中,运行能耗、建材能耗与间接能耗约占全国总能耗的20%、15%和10.5%,减少建筑运行能耗是建筑节能的关键,但减少建筑材料能耗具有同样重要的意义。     

即食豆芽加工技术研究

本文对绿豆芽烫漂、保脆工艺条件进行了研究。研究结果表明：绿豆芽在0.15%柠檬酸水溶液中,90℃烫漂2.5min过氧化物酶完全失活、己醛含量明显降低;烫漂后在0.4?Cl2溶液中浸泡60min,豆芽脆度较好。     

半线性拟抛物方程解的Blow-up

研究一类半线性拟抛物方程的初边值问题.首先利用格林函数和最大值原理证明了解的正定性,而后,通过要求非线性项满足正定性条件和凹凸性条件,利用特殊函数法证明了方程正解的有限时间爆破.     

从"特富龙事件"再议绿色化学在高等教育中的重要性

高等院校是国家培养人才的重要场所,为保证新世纪我国经济的可持续发展,本文就"特富龙事件"分析了在高等教育中实施绿色化学教育的必要性,并提出了实施绿色化学教育的具体建议.     

德国绿色建筑评价标准DGNB-2018版本的修订与启示

介绍德国绿色建筑评价标准2018版本的修订思路及内容,并为我国ASGB修订提供启示。从文献中搜集资料,总结归纳DGNB在德国发展概况及2018版本由来,利用纵横对比方法去解析2018版本的变化及提升条文的内容。发现该版本以经济可持续性理念进行了修订。在内容上,增加适用建筑类型、延续评价定级与阶段并调整大类指标权重与小类内容;在结构上,增加新的版块,以“以人为本、创新领域、循环经济”的理念去创新性地整合大部分条文。DGNB—2018版本在整合过程、标准工具、应用经济、管理评价的内容可为我国绿色建筑评价标准修订及双认证工作给予帮助。