催化氧化环己酮/环己醇清洁合成己二酸

以质量分数为 30 %的过氧化氢为氧化剂 ,Na2 WO4·2H2 O为催化剂 ,在酸性配体存在的条件下催化氧化环己酮 /环己醇清洁合成己二酸。反应在无溶剂、无相转移剂条件下进行 ,考察了各种不同配体及配体用量等对反应的影响。采用磺基水杨酸为配体 ,与Na2 WO4·2H2 O的摩尔比为 1∶2时 ,催化氧化环己酮和环己醇的己二酸的分离产率分别为 82 .1%和 6 8.6 %。并进一步考察了该催化体系对环己酮和环己醇混合物的催化性能。     

高沸点溶剂法合成原乙酸三甲酯

对低沸点溶剂法制备原乙酸三甲酯工艺进行了改进，比较了煤油、2-乙基己醇、氯苯、异佛尔酮、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙二醇二丁醚等高沸点溶剂对反应的影响，筛选出最优高沸点溶剂煤油：研究了新反应体系的醇解pH值、溶剂的循环使用次数对反应的影响及溶剂循环损耗率，结果表明，醇解的最佳pH值为5．6；随着溶剂循环次数增加，原乙酸三甲酯收率从83．6％(1次)逐渐下降到76．7％(16次)；溶剂次平均损耗率4．6％。实现了直接蒸馏产品，溶剂循环使用的新工艺。避免了旧工艺先蒸溶剂，后蒸产品，产品大量分解，收率低等缺点。     

丙烯精馏塔塔底丙烷馏分油的精制

介绍了中国石油辽阳石化分公司乙烯厂丙烯精馏塔塔底油-丙烷馏分油的精制工艺。该工艺可脱出丙烷馏分油中的绿油组分，从而提高了丙烷馏分油的使用效果和价值。     

Alternative hydrocarbon solvents for cottonseed extraction

Hexane has been used for decades to extract edible oil from cottonseed. However, due to increased regulations affecting hexane because of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the oil-extraction industry urgently needs alternative hydrocarbon solvents to replace hexane. Five solvents,n-heptane, isohexane, neohexane, cyclohexane, and cylopentane, were compared with commercial hexane using a benchscale extractor. The extractions were done with a solvent to cottonseed flake ratio of 5.5 to 1 (w/w) and a miscella recycle flow rate of 36 mL/min/sq cm (9 gal/min/sq ft) at a temperature of 10 to 45°C below the boiling point of the solvent. After a 10-min single-stage extraction, commercial hexane removed 100% of the oil from the flakes at 55°C; heptane extracted 100% at 75°C and 95.9% at 55°C; isohexane extracted 93.1% at 45°C; while cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and neohexane removed 93.3, 89.4, and 89.6% at 35, 55, and 35°C, respectively. Each solvent removed gossypol from cottonseed flakes at a different rate, with cyclopentane being most and neohexane least effective. Based on the bench-scale extraction results and the availability of these candidate solvents, heptane and isohexane are the alternative hydrocarbon solvents most likely to replace hexane. Presented in part at the AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, Atlanta, Georgia, May 1994.     

Development of the meshless finite volume particle method with exact and efficient calculation of interparticle area

The Finite Volume Particle Method (FVPM) is a meshless method based on a definition of interparticle area which is closely analogous to cell face area in the classical finite volume method. In previous work, the interparticle area has been computed by numerical integration, which is a source of error and is extremely expensive. We show that if the particle weight or kernel function is defined as a discontinuous top-hat function, the particle interaction vectors may be evaluated exactly and efficiently. The new formulation reduces overall computational time by a factor between 6.4 and 8.2. In numerical experiments on a viscous flow with an analytical solution, the method converges under all conditions. Significantly, in contrast with standard FVPM and SPH, error depends on particle size but not on particle overlap (as long as the computational domain is completely covered by particles). The new method is shown to be superior to standard FVPM for shock tube flow and inviscid steady transonic flow. In benchmarking on a viscous multiphase flow application, FVPM with exact interparticle area is shown to be competitive with a mesh-based volume-of-fluid solver in terms of computational time required to resolve the structure of an interface.     

Production of nanoparticles of copper compounds by anodic dissolution of copper in organic solvents

The anodic behaviour of copper was investigated in ethanol solution containing LiClO₄, LiCl electrolyte and water. The type of electrolyte and the water content influences the mechanism of the anodic process and the formation of anodic products. In LiClO₄ electrolyte the dissolution of copper is related to the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II). In solutions of LiCl the etching of copper begins with the creation of soluble complexes of Cu(I) with chloride ions and solvent molecules. At potentials above 0.4 V the formation of alkoxides was observed in both solutions, characterized by a yellow tint. On the other hand, above 0.8 V (i.e. above the equilibrium potential of alcohol oxidation) copper dissolution is accompanied by the formation of a blue colloidal suspension of Cu (II) copper salt. Anodic etching of copper in solutions containing 3% H₂O at potentials higher than 0.4 V leads to the formation of colloidal suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles.     

生物标记用发光材料研究现状

综述了生物标记用材料及其应用,对各种材料的特点进行了分析,得出以绿色荧光蛋白等为代表的荧光材料将是未来生物标记的主流.     

离子液体--未来化学工业中的绿色溶剂

对于大多数使用挥发性有机化合物作为溶剂的合成过程来说 ,离子液体是挥发性有机化合物的有效替代品。本文介绍了离子液体的特点、制备方法和现阶段的应用情况     

Alternative hydrocarbon solvents for cottonseed extraction: Plant trials

Hexane has been used for decades to extract oil from cottonseed and is still the solvent of choice for the edible-oil industry. Due to increased regulations as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the edible-oil extraction industry urgently needs an alternate hydrocarbon solvent to replace hexane. Based on laboratory-scale extraction tests, two hydrocarbon solvents, heptane and isohexane, were recommended as potential replacements for hexane. A cottonseed processing mill with a 270 MT/day (300 tons/day) capacity agreed to test both solvents with their expander-solvent process. Extraction efficiencies of isohexane and heptane, judged by extraction time and residual oil in meal, refined and bleached color of miscella refined oil, and solvent loss, were comparable to that of hexane. However, fewer problems were encountered with the lower-boiling isohexane than with the higher-boiling heptane. With isohexane, the daily throughput increased more than 20%, and natural gas consumption decreased more than 40% as compared to hexane.     

浅析预焙阳极配料控制

分析了粉料纯度及配料控制对炭阳极生产和炭阳极成品率的影响，结合中国铝业青海分公司的生产状况，从预焙阳极配料控制方面，就如何提高炭阳极成品率、保持生阳极生产工艺稳定进行论述。