LQG/H∞控制设计:动态反馈控制

本文讨论了综合LQG与H∞优化的控制器设计问题.这个反馈控制器是在满足某个给 定传递函数矩阵的H∞范数约束条件下,使得系统的给定的二次性能指标达到最小的控制器.     

Deposition of thin film silicon using the pulsed PECVD and HWCVD techniques

We report on the use of pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (P-PECVD) technique and show that “state-of-the-art” amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) materials and solar cells can be produced at a deposition rate of up to 15 Å/s using a modulation frequency in the range 1–100 kHz. The approach has also been developed to deposit materials and devices onto large area, 30 cm×40 cm, substrates with thickness uniformity (<5%), and gas utilization rate (>25%). We have developed a new “hot wire” chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) method and report that our new filament material, graphite, has so far shown no appreciable degradation even after deposition of 500 μm of amorphous silicon. We report that this technique can produce “state-of-the-art” a-Si:H and that a solar cell of p/i/n configuration exhibited an initial efficiency approaching 9%. The use of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) materials to produce low-cost stable solar cells is gaining considerable attention. We show that both of these techniques can produce thin film μc-Si, dependent on process conditions, with 1 1 1 and/or 2 2 0 orientations and with a grain size of approx. 500 A. Inclusion of these types of materials into a solar cell configuration will be discussed.     

螺栓角钢钢节点的三维非线性有限元分析

对螺栓角钢钢节点半刚性连接采用非线性有限元分析方法 ,对连接中的主要构件的顶部、底部、腹板角钢、高强螺栓、梁翼缘、柱翼缘和柱翼缘加劲肋进行三维非线性有限元精细模拟 ,针对有无柱加劲肋、有无腹板角钢等几种连接的情况进行比较分析 ,探讨了螺栓角钢半刚性连接的受力性能。     

单微乳液中制备Ag/TS-1及丙烯气相环氧化

采用N2H4还原含AgNO3的单微乳液制备了Ag／TS-1催化剂。TEM表征结果表明，Ag高度分散于TS-1之上。以H2、O2存在下的丙烯气相环氧化为探针反应，考察了Ag／TS-1的催化性能。结果表明，采用Ag／TS-1为催化剂，Ag的负载量为1％（质量分数，下同），823 K焙烧后，373 K下反应30 min时，丙烯转化率为1．69％，环氧丙烷（Propylene oxide，PO）选择性为93．2％。当Ag的负载量超过2％时，反应过程中生成大量的热，造成PO的选择性下降。采用Ag的负载量为8％的Ag／TS-1催化剂，消除热效应后，丙烯的转化率为2．46％．PO的选择性为79．2％。     

Results of a User Study on 2D Hurricane Visualization

We present the results from a user study looking at the ability of observers to mentally integrate wind direction and magnitude over a vector field. The data set chosen for the study is an MM5 (PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model) simulation of Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico as it approaches the southeastern United States. Nine observers participated in the study. This study investigates the effect of layering on the observer's ability to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector field. We found a tendency for observers to underestimate the magnitude of the vectors and a counter‐clockwise bias when determining the average direction of a vector field. We completed an additional study with two observers to try to uncover the source of the counter‐clockwise bias. These results have direct implications to atmospheric scientists, but may also be able to be applied to other fields that use 2D vector fields.     

Grouped Approach for the Design of H.264/AVC Motion Estimation Architectures

This letter presents a novel approach for organizing computational resources into groups within H.264/AVC motion estimation architectures, leading to reductions of up to 75% in the equivalent gate count with respect to state‐of‐the‐art designs.     

Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cook‐in‐bag ground beef as affected by pH and acidulant†

Summary The heat resistance of a four‐strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was tested. The temperature range was 55–62.5 °C and the substrate was beef at pH 4.5 or 5.5, adjusted with either acetic or lactic acid. Inoculated meat, packaged in bags, was completely immersed in a circulating water bath and cooked to an internal temperature of 55, 58, 60, or 62.5 °C in 1 h, and then held for pre‐determined lengths of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating meat samples on tryptic soy agar overlaid with Sorbitol MacConkey agar. Regardless of the acidulant used to modify the pH, the D ‐values at all temperatures were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in ground beef at pH 4.5 as compared with the beef at pH 5.5. At the same pH levels, acetic acid rendered E. coli O157:H7 more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat. The analysis of covariance showed evidence of a significant acidulant and pH interaction on the slopes of the survivor curves at 55 °C. Based on the thermal‐death–time values, contaminated ground beef (pH 5.5/lactic acid) should be heated to an internal temperature of 55 °C for at least 116.3 min and beef (pH 4.5/acetic acid) for 64.8 min to achieve a 4‐log reduction of the pathogen. The heating time at 62.5 °C, to achieve the same level of reduction, was 4.4 and 2.6 min, respectively. Thermal‐death–time values from this study will assist the retail food processors in designing acceptance limits on critical control points that ensure safety of beef originally contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.     

Comparison of activities in selective catalytic reduction of NOx by C3H8 over Co/MFI, Fe/MFI, and H/MFI zeolite catalysts

The Co/MFI(SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 30) were prepared by a precipitation method with NaOCl in alkali solutions exhibited high activities to N₂ at 250 °C for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x. These catalysts showed two UV–vis bands at 700 and 400 nm, indicating the presence of octahedral Co(III) as well as tetrahedral Co(II). The high SCR activity over such Co(III, II)/MFI(30) seems to come from Co(III)---O moieties. The Co(II)MFI(30) catalysts prepared from Co(II)Cl₂ exhibited low SCR activities due to the presence of tetrahedral Co(II) ions in MFI. Less CO formation occurred over Co/MFI catalysts. The Fe/MFI(30) catalyst exhibited high activity due to the presence of some Fe---O species in MFI but more amount of CO were produced during SCR. H/MFI(30) catalyst exhibited a good SCR activity. However, more amount of carbonaceous deposits were produced on it. The correlation between acid concentration and SCR activity was discussed over H/MFIs.     

SDS/正戊醇/水体系的液晶研究

在 2 5℃测定了十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS) /正戊醇 /水三元体系的相平衡 ,确定了液晶区域的边界范围。在液晶区域内选取一系列样品点 ,用差示扫描量热法 (DSC)和2 HNMR与液晶照片对照 ,研究了该体系的液晶结构特点。结果表明 :在恒定温度下 ,该体系存在着两个液晶区域 ,并且随含水量的增加 ,液晶结构发生变化。当组成固定时 ,体系的液晶相结构随温度升高也发生变化     

Sheldon H. White (1928-2005).

Sheldon "Shep" Harold White, one of developmental psychology's most distinguished scholars, died on March 17, 2005, at the age of 76. He is perhaps best remembered for his sharp intellect, generous spirit, good humor, and warm compassion. Shep's principal work lay in three intermeshed areas: children's learning and cognitive development, social programs and policies, and the history of developmental psychology. Shep White is sorely missed by his family and friends, and countless children have unknowingly benefited from his research, scholarship, and contributions to public policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)