用微量热法研究RDX和HMX的稀释/结晶动力学

导出了描述结晶生长过程的3个热动力学方程和这些动力学方程的参数与常数间的2个关系式。用Calvet微热量计测定了RDX和HMX从二甲基亚砜、环已酮和硝酸中的稀释／结晶总放热量和产热速率。用导出的方程和关系式处理了RDX和HMX的放热稀释／结晶生长过程的动力学数据。结果表明,RDX和HMX的放热稀释／结晶过程服从Burton—Cabrera—Frank位错理论。     

取代2，4，6，8-四氮杂双环［3.3.0］辛烷的合成及硝解

利用苄胺、甲醛、乙二醛的缩合反应以及亚甲基二乙酰胺与乙二醛之间的亲核加成反应合成了两取代的 2 ,4,6 ,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0 ]辛烷。研究认为在通常的反应条件下 ,其硝解不会得到双环 HMX。文中提出了一种合成双环 HMX的可能途径     

GAS超临界重结晶过程中的晶形控制问题

介绍了GAS超临界重结晶过程的概念、原理、实验方法,并从晶体生长动力学角度建立模型,分析讨论了HMX超临界重结晶过程中出现不同晶形的原因。研究表明,影响炸药晶形的是一组合因素而非单一条件。     

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of CdO nanocrystals

In this paper, we report the synthesis of nanocrystalline cadmium oxide (CdO) and its characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its catalytic activity was investigated on the thermal decomposition of 1,2,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), ammonium perchlorate (AP), hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and composite solid propellants (CSPs) using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), simultaneous thermogravimerty and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and ignition delay measurements. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of AP + CdO has also been investigated using model free (isoconversional) and model-fitting approaches which have been applied to data for isothermal TG decomposition. All these studies show enhancement in the rate of decomposition of AP, HTPB and CSPs but no effect on HMX. The burning rate of CSPs has also been found to be increased with CdO nanocrystals.     

Preparation and Characterization of the Solid Spherical HMX/F2602 by the Suspension Spray-Drying Method

Solid spherical octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine/fluororubber2602 (HMX/F₂₆₀₂) was prepared by the suspension spray-drying method as follows: firstly, thinning octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) was obtained by a solvent–anti-solvent method. Secondly, thinning HMX suspended in ethyl acetate solvent in a solution of a binder—F₂₆₀₂—was made into a suspension. Finally, the samples were prepared by spray drying. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and its thermal stability as well as mechanical and spark sensitivities were measured. The results of SEM showed that the grain of HMX/F₂₆₀₂ was solid spherical and the particle distribution was homogeneous. The results of XPS indicated that F₂₆₀₂ can be successfully coated on the surface of HMX crystals. Compared to raw HMX, th characteristic drop height was increased from 19.60 to 40.37 cm, an increase of 79.10%. The friction sensitivities of HMX reduced from 100 to 28% and the spark sensitivity of HMX/F₂₆₀₂ increased. The critical explosion temperatures of raw HMX and HMX/F₂₆₀₂ were 275.43 and 274.30°C, respectively. The amount of gas evolution of raw HMX and HMX/F₂₆₀₂ was 0.15 and 0.12 ml·(5 g)^?1, respectively. The results of DSC and vacuum stability tests (VSTs) indicate that the thermal stability of HMX/F₂₆₀₂ was equal to that of raw HMX and HMX and F₂₆₀₂ had good compatibility.     

重结晶制备超细HMX

叙述了溶剂-非溶剂法重结晶制备超细HMX.通过实验研究分析了单一改变重结晶过程中的温度、搅拌速度、溶液过饱和度等因素,对HMX晶体粒径的影响.采用粒度分析仪分析各影响因数水平下结晶体颗粒的大小,结果表明:随着重结晶过程温差越大HMX粒度越小;随着重结晶搅拌速度的增加,结晶晶体的粒径逐渐减小;随着溶液过饱和度的提高结晶体粒度越小,分布均匀;而且与溶剂的化学性质密切相关,其中温度对结晶颗粒粒径的影响最为明显.从而为制备超细HMX,进一步改善HMX化学性能提供相关资料.     

纳米HMX的制备及热性能分析和感度研究

采用机械球磨法批量制备了纳米奥克托今(HMX),用激光粒度仪分析其粒度分布,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其大小和形貌;使用热重分析仪(TG)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析其热分解特性和热安定性;同时对纳米HMX的5 s爆发点和感度进行了测试。结果表明,制备的HMX颗粒大部分在100 nm以下;与原料HMX相比,纳米HMX的最大热失重温度降低了3.66℃,表观活化能E a降低了11.19 kJ/mol,自发火温度降低了2.11K;5s爆发点降低了4.9℃,纳米HMX的静电感度和火焰感度与原料HMX相当,纳米HMX的摩擦感度、撞击感度和冲击波感度分别降低了32.5%、20.2%和56.4%。