Proton interactions in chemical-electrochemical and physical systems

The repulsive Coulombic forces exerted between proton wave particles in electrochemical and physical systems are examined, together with the attractive ion-induced dipole forces between protons and neighboring neutral particles, e.g. neutrons in the case of physical systems (nuclei). It is shown that when protons and neutrons are treated as harmonic oscillators with the same kinetic and potential energy, then two roots exist for their vibrational velocity. One root corresponds to negligible relativistic corrections (v/c?1) and unstable nuclei, the other to significant relativistic corrections (v/c≈1) and to formation of stable nuclei. It is shown that the first root corresponds to protons in chemical-electrochemical systems and the second (relativistic) root corresponds to protons in nuclei. In the latter case the formation of stable nuclei is due to the attractive ion-induced dipole forces and to the pronounced increase in mass and gravitational forces. The latter, together with the ion-induced dipole forces, counterbalance the strong repulsive Coulombic forces. This leads to the analytical computation of the energy of formation of the ⁴He and ²H nuclei and of the gravitational constant. All three computed values are in quantitative agreement with experiment.     

SIRTF cryostat requirements and development

The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) is the last of NASA’s four great observatories, scheduled for launch in 2001. At the heart of the SIRTF observatory is a 363 l, superfluid helium cryostat, designed and built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies, Inc. The cryostat houses provides the direct cooling of the three scientific instruments which will observe the infrared universe. One major innovation of the SIRTF observatory is that the instrument optics are launched warm, and cooled down on orbit to the final operating temperature of 5 K by radiation to space and direct vapor cooling by the effluent helium. To accomplish this the cryostat system design includes two cryogenic mechanisms, and must meet stringent cold alignment requirements, in addition to the thermal and mechanical performance requirements typical for space flight cryostats. Currently the cryostat is completing the fabrication and assembly process, and will go into performance testing as a system in the second half of 1999. We present here the design requirements, production development of the SIRTF cryostat, and the predicted ground and on-orbit performance.     

河143块低渗透油藏注水压裂配套技术

对河143块开发数据进行统计分析,发现该块投产初期产能较好,但是由于油藏天然能量差、压力下降快,产量递减幅度比较大,反映了低渗透油藏仅依靠弹性能量开采,地层压力下降快的特点.在对整个区块实施优化注采系统、压裂改造后,有效地提高了河143整个区块的开发水平.通过实施注采优化,改善注水水质,提高注水质量,减缓平面及层间矛盾,降低综合递减率,使注采系统处于相对稳定状态,同时加强压裂工艺的针对性,提高区块储层的动用程度.     

Realization of the 3He Melting Pressure Scale, PLTS-2000

The Provisional Low Temperature Scale of 2000, PLTS-2000, which was adopted in October 2000, uses the melting pressure of ³He to provide the basis for temperature measurement in the range from the Néel temperature of the solid, T ₂₀₀₀=0.902 mK, up to 1 K. The definition and derivation of the scale has been published, and the present paper now gives guidance on the practical methods by which the melting pressures can be measured in the laboratory. Various options are described, depending on the equipment available, and the uncertainties that may be achieved are considered.      

Low-energy neutron spectrometer using position sensitive proportional counter—Feasibility study based on numerical analysis

There is no direct technique to measure a neutron energy spectrum, particularly in the lower energy region, because the reaction Q value for detection is much larger than the neutron energy to be measured. However, such techniques are becoming a necessity, for example, in medical applications such as boron neutron capture therapy. In this study, a new spectrometer to measure low-energy neutrons (from thermal to 100 eV) is investigated numerically. We propose a unique approach of estimating the neutron energy spectrum by analyzing the distribution of neutron detection depths in the detector using an exact relation between the neutron energy and nuclear reaction cross-section. The proposed spectrometer has been established to be feasible to manufacture. The conversion performance of the neutron detection depth distribution to the neutron energy spectrum has also been proven to be acceptable, with the unfolding process based on Bayes’ theorem, even though the detector response function is non-distinctive (without peaks or edges). The present spectrometer is now under development, and its practical performance will be reported as soon as the prototype detector is completed.     

千年堆漆髹技

经调查研究发现温州宋时堆漆工艺在温州瑞安、平阳、苍南等地依然存在。陈文楼、何必阔两位大师传承创新了这一技艺。作者呼吁漆艺非遗急需保护抢救。     

东胜气田盒2段沉积相研究及应用

东胜气田主要目的层盒2段为辫状河沉积,局部多期河道相互叠置、交错,横向砂体变化快;面积大,井控程度较低,依靠一种方法难以准确的分析沉积砂体的分布规律。利用岩心、测井、储层预测等资料,结合地质认识,分析沉积相特征;通过对地震反射强度属性特征分析,进行宏观控制,明确地震相特征及砂体分布,参考现代辫状河沉积模式和已钻井情况,最终确定沉积相的展布特征,并利用研究成果,进行井位部署。     

从谢赫“六法”谈紫砂艺术之美

紫砂作品具有丰富的造型和多样的装饰手法,它突破了实用性的审美趣味,成为民间工艺美术的一个重要的艺术门类,备受大众百姓、文人雅士的青睐。南齐绘画理论家谢赫提出气韵生动为首的六法论,奠定了中国绘画的理论标准,与紫砂艺术具有互通的美学审美观。本文从谢赫"六法"的角度分析紫砂艺术传承、创新之美。