Parallelization of a multi-blocked CFD code via three strategies for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis

This paper reports on a parallel implementation of a general 3D multi-block CFD code. The parallelization is achieved by using three strategies. Firstly, it is done on dual-processor PC-clusters where Windows NT systems are running. A multi-thread programming model is adopted for the multi-block code, where one thread corresponds to a block. Shared-memory is used for the exchange of inner-boundaries between neighboring blocks (threads) on the same node, while WinSockets are employed for those on different nodes. Secondly, the parallelization is extended to UNIX operating system. MPI is applied for all the message passing between different processors, including those on the same node. Thirdly, Pthreads (POSIX threads), a standardized application interface for threads, are adopted to take the advantage of the shared-memory feature of the SMP nodes, while MPI is only applied for the message passing between processors on different nodes. In all the strategies, a static load-balancing method is employed for equitable distribution of computational work to specified nodes. The parameters of the present code is studied in detail to facilitate the explanation of the speedup results. Two examples are provided to show the speedup and load balancing of the parallel calculation. Detailed comparison is made to evaluate the efficiency of different strategies.     

池式核沸腾中滑移汽泡的薄层蒸发传热模型

通过对池式核沸腾下加热壁面上滑移汽泡引起的薄层蒸发传热的分析,在若干假定基础上,建立了滑移汽泡薄层蒸发传热模型,并在该传热模型的基础上,结合管束沸腾传热机理的实验研究结果,给出了管束沸腾传热的薄层蒸发传热增强贡献的分析表达式,验证结果表明,采用建立模型计算所得单管池沸腾传热系数与实验结果的平均相对误差为±６．１％。     

Effect of postmolding heat treatment on in vitro properties of a polyanhydride implant containing gentamicin sulfate

A polyanhydride implant containing gentamicin sulfate was fabricated using a laboratory-scale injection-molding machine. After injection molding, the implants were subject to heat treatment at 60°C for various time periods with or without nitrogen protection. The impact of this heat treatment on the in vitro properties of the implants including copolymer molecular weights, mechanical properties, and in vitro drug-release profiles was investigated. This heat treatment caused a drastic drop in the molecular weight of the copolymer. Heating without nitrogen protection resulted in the hardening of the implant, but heating in the presence of nitrogen rendered the implant less rigid. It was also found that a faster in vitro drug release profile was shown by implants heated without nitrogen protection and a pronounced slowing down in drug release was exhibited by implants heated with nitrogen protection.     

Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by arc-vaporization under high gravity condition

Arc-vaporization is one of the common methods to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However the detailed synthesis mechanism is still not clear, and the synthesis of longer and chirality-selected SWNTs has not been obtained. Here influence of the gravity G = 1 g₀, 2 g₀, and 3 g₀ is studied in order to develop the synthesis method of SWNTs. Simultaneously, calculations of heat convection are also carried out by using a fluid simulation program and the results are compared with the experimental results.     

微型计算机在换热器控制系统中的应用

本文论述了微型计算机和可编程控制器（ＰＣ）控制换热器系统温度的硬件设计和控制方法。     

钨化学气相淀积工艺方块电阻均匀性的研究

钨化学气相淀积因为其在接触孔/通孔填充中出色的台阶覆盖能力而在半导体工业中被广泛应用,在量产中经常会出现监控片的方块电阻均匀性超规格。本文主要研究了加热器、气体输送、氟化铝、机械传片定位、真空微漏等因素对方块电阻均匀性的影响,特别周期性等离子清洗产生的氟化铝对晶圆边缘的抑制反应是影响腔体维护频率的主要原因,并提出改善均匀性的有效办法。     

电流卡钳传输阻抗的线性补偿

为了扩展电流卡钳的频率测试范围,根据其等效电路模型,分析并测试了传输阻抗特性,发现了传输阻抗在频率范围内的非线性现象,进而提出了基于放大器的线性补偿方法.通过测试结果表明,在1-50kHz的被测信号情况下,匹配了放大器的电流探头的传输阻抗的波动范围≤±1dB.因而,利用这一补偿方法,可以给单片机信号采集转换成被测电流值带来方便.     

Specific heat of the antiferro/ferro-magnet NpGa3

The specific heat of NpGa₃ has been measured for the first time. The magnetic transitions and more generally the full magnetic phase diagram have been re-established precisely. The Sommerfeld coefficient and the magnetic entropy point to a rather localized system, in agreement with previous studies, in particular high pressure Mössbauer and resistivity. The comparison with other NpX₃ suggests that NpGa₃ is the most localized member of the series.     

Studies on the heating capacity control of a multi-type heat pump system applying a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) method

This paper describes a method to control capacity of a multi-type heat pump system. Because indoor units are interconnected, alteration of the heating or cooling setting of one indoor unit can influence the performance of the other indoor units. Proportional-integral (PI) controllers were used to assess system performance, and the PI controllers’ gain values were optimized by using a genetic algorithm. A system model was established following a system identification optimization process, and a pseudo random binary sequence was selected as the system identification input signal. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) controller was more effective in reducing such cross-coupling effects than a single-input single-output (SISO) controller. The temperature at the secondary fluid outlet in the condenser and the saturation pressure at the evaporator were selected as the control variables in the MIMO controller. The experimental results showed that an optimized MIMO controller could reduce overshoot by up to 40% compared with the results using a SISO controller.     

冰箱门封导热性能及影响因素的CAE分析

由于冰箱门封对于节能非常重要,本文利用CAE仿真技术,采用二维平面模型对多款冰箱门封进行仿真研究,为冰箱门封和冰箱的性能设计和优化提供理论依据。通过对典型冰箱门封导热性能的分析,找出影响门封导热性能的因素,同时,以某型号冰箱为例,研究门封对冰箱漏冷量的影响。仿真结果表明,门封结构及磁条是门封导热性能的重要因素;门封等效导热系数约为0.05W/(m·K);冰箱门封漏冷占冰箱总漏冷约8%;门封高度从10mm减小为7mm时,冰箱门封漏冷比率减小约2.3%。