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71.
太阳能热管的研制和应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了太阳能热管发展的社会背景和历史沿革、太阳能热管单管的工质选择和管壳结构、热管式真空集热管的结构特点及太阳能热管在热水器中的应用 相似文献
72.
73.
In this paper, the nonlinear response of elastic membranes with arbitrary shape under partial and full ponding loads has
been analyzed. Large deflections are considered, which result from nonlinear kinematic relations. The problem is formulated
in terms of the displacements components and the three coupled nonlinear governing equations are solved using the analog equation
method (AEM). The membrane may be prestressed either by prescribed boundary displacements or tractions. Using the concept
of the analog equation the three coupled nonlinear equations are replaced by three uncoupled Poisson's equations with fictitious
sources under the same boundary conditions. Subsequently, the fictitious sources are established using a procedure based on
the BEM and the displacement components as well as the stress resultants at any point of the membrane are evaluated from their
integral representations. In addition to the geometrical nonlinearity, the ponding problem is itself nonlinear, because the
ponding load depends on the deflection surface that it produces. Iterative schemes are developed which converge to the equilibrium
state of the membrane under the ponding loads. Several membranes are analyzed which illustrate the method and demonstrate
its efficiency and accuracy. The method has all the advantages of the pure BEM, since the discretization and integration is
limited only to the boundary.
Received 28 July 2001 相似文献
74.
详细介绍了耐火纤维喷涂技术及施工等各方面的优越性。同时说明耐火纤维喷涂技术,在大庆石化公司炼油厂润滑油白土装置扩建改造中加热炉炉衬上的应用及取得的明显节能效果。 相似文献
75.
Birthe Mller Jose Luis Molina‐Cano Lars Munck 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2002,108(3):294-302
In earlier studies concerning vigour, where subsamples are heat‐treated before germination there was found heat‐sensitive as well as heat‐resistant barley samples. The vigour model developed by Ellis and Roberts and further developed at Carlsberg, could only describe the heat‐sensitive barleys. Seventeen samples of the “Alexis” variety grown widely in Europe were collected from the EBC trials in 1994 in order to see if heat resistance in barley was influenced by different growing conditions. We found both heat‐sensitive samples following the vigour model as well as pronounced heat‐resistant samples, but these were not divided according to growing conditions. The germination curves dependent on heat treatment and germination time were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Heat‐resistant barley samples could be differentiated from heat‐sensitive samples already after ½ h of heat treatment at 68°C (12% moisture) and after 3 days of germination. The barley samples were analysed with regard to malting quality. The PCA evaluation of the data divided the samples according to growing location, mainly due to differences in protein and β‐glucan. However, the malting analyses could not describe the differences in heat resistance and sensitivity of the barleys. The biochemical background of the heat resistance found is discussed on the basis of literature. Our findings should give an experimental basis for exploiting a biochemical principle for heat resistance, which is formed during grain filling and consumed during storage and germination. 相似文献
76.
Datum-Hierarchy Tree Method for Tolerance Analysis of Plating and Heat Treatment Operations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
G.A. Britton 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2002,19(6):442-447
This paper presents a new method for the tolerance analysis of plating and heat treatment operations. It is suitable for both
manual and computerised tolerance analysis. The new method uses a datum-hierarchy tree to identify tolerance stacks and a
stock removal set matrix to calculate the positions of surfaces created during the manufacturing sequence. A tolerance chart
is used to associate stock removal sets with the geometry of the workpiece, to show the manufacturing sequence, and to record
the operation data and the tolerance analysis results. Plating and heat treatment operations are represented as edges in the
tree, so that for each operation (edge) the input and output nodes represent consecutive surfaces in a stock removal set.
Rules are given for calculating the tolerance stackups and the positions of the surfaces in the stock removal sets. The method
is illustrated with an example. 相似文献
77.
Microstructural transformations of heat affected zones in duplex steel welded joints 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The influence of the welding thermal conditions exemplified by heat input and heat treatment after welding on the structure of the heat affected zone (HAZ) UNS S31803 has been analysed. The post weld treatment was used to create the precisely defined thermal conditions for the decomposition of primary phases in the HAZ, by a multi-layer welding thermal cycle stimulation. Detailed analyses of the microstructure and chemical composition of the phases in the different post welded conditions were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of secondary precipitates have been observed: secondary austenite (γ2), carbides: M23C6 and M7C3. The dependence of the secondary austenite volume fraction and morphology in the HAZ on thermal cycle have been interpreted. The eutectoid decomposition of the primary phases in the analysed thermal conditions was confirmed. 相似文献
78.
Neural Nets Successfully Solve Complex Fluid Flow Problem. Much research is being done in the area of neural networks, and industry is actively seeking successful application to real world problems. We describe here a successful application. We have used neural networks to model complex coolant flow patterns, such as those encountered in design of hypersonic aircraft. Previous calculation methods, while reasonably accurate, are iterative and extremely time consuming. Our new approach uses a hierarchical neural network architecture to model coolant flow distribution in multiple heat exchanger panels. This method is direct, fast, and accurate. 相似文献
79.
Jos A.D. Muoz Antn Alvarez Jorge Ancheyta Miguel A. Rodríguez Gustavo Marroquín 《Catalysis Today》2005,109(1-4):214-218
The present paper focuses on the study of process alternatives for heat integration of a heavy crude oil hydrotreatment plant. Experimental information obtained from a pilot scale, kinetics and reactor modeling tools, and a commercial process simulator were employed to develop mass and energy balances. Four study cases, which employ a combination of quenching and heat exchangers, were identified and evaluated. The results indicated that the case with two quenches with hydrogen and three heat exchangers is the best process heat integration (PHI) option from an energetic point of view. 相似文献
80.