水中重金属连续消解装置及性能研究

本研究设计了一种用于水体中重金属测定的连续消解装置,该消解装置可据水质特点调节消解温度、压力和流速。实际水样加标经消解后分析,8种金属离子(Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Fe和Mn)的平均回收率在93.1%~99.4%之间,RSD为3.3%~8.7%;通过对自来水、地下水、地表水和污水分别进行连续消解、微波消解和石墨消解,连续消解后溶液中8种金属元素浓度测定结果与微波消解和石墨消解无显著差异,且平行样相对误差不大于5%,表明本连续消解具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于不同水体的消解分析要求。该连续消解装置可自由设定消解参数,实现自动化运行,通过与各类重金属在线监测仪器接口连接,有望实现监测过程中水样的自动化消解。     

稠油W/O乳状液增黏原因的灰熵关联研究

采用灰熵关联分析法研究了胜利稠油W/O乳状液增黏倍数与稠油组成(极性四组分含量、有机杂原子含量和过渡金属含量)和油品性质(稠油极性组分的分子质量和偶极矩)的关联。结果表明,在稠油组成中,沥青质和胶质的含量、O含量及Ni含量是影响W/O乳状液增黏倍数的重要因素;在稠油性质中,沥青质的性质是影响W/O乳状液的增黏倍数的关键因素。     

氯化锂对纤维素/离子液体浓溶液纺丝的影响

以离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[AMIM]Cl）为溶剂、氯化锂（LiCl）为添加剂,通过测定纤维素溶液的流变性能来考察LiCl对纤维素/[AMIM]Cl溶液纺丝性能的影响,发现纤维素/[AMIM]Cl/LiCl呈现切力变稀行为,当LiCl添加量为[AMIM]Cl质量的3%时,切力变稀行为最明显.使用双螺杆挤出机通过干湿法纺丝制备出了高浓度的纤维素纤维,通过XRD、偏光显微镜、SEM及单纤强力仪等表征了纤维的结构与性能,结果表明随着LiCl含量的增加,所得纤维的结晶度和双折射率增加,结构致密,纤维强度增加,当LiCl含量达3%时,纤维强度可达3.13 cN/dtex.     

国有企业人才成长通道建设的实践与思考——以清河采油厂为例

中国石化胜利油田分公司清河采油厂在推进人才成长通道中采取了创新机制,畅通专业技术人才成长通道;加强梯队建设,注重优秀青年人才培养;激发竞争意识,壮大后备人才队伍;增强针对性,突出实效性,完善人才培训体系;积极营造尊重人才的氛围等对策。人才成长通道建设下一步工作应是进一步创新人才成长通道建设;继续巩固人才队伍梯队建设;不断加强复合型人才队伍建设;进一步增强企业吸引力。     

Stepped enhancement of CO2 adsorption and separation in IL-ZIF-IL composites with shell-interlayer-core structure

Development of materials with excellent separation performance remains an ongoing challenge in separation science and technology. Herein, a novel strategy was proposed to gradually enhance gas separation performance in micro/nano-materials, by constructing a shell-interlayer-core structure using ionic liquid (triethylenetetramine lactate, [TETA]L) and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8). Such structure includes outer [TETA]L shell, interlayer of ZIF-8, and inner [TETA]L core, endowing the composite with more evident molecular sieving separation for CO₂ mixtures than the reported materials. A high CO₂ adsorption amount (1.53 mmol/g at 298 K and 1.0 bar) is maintained, while the uptakes for CH₄ and N₂ are very low. Corresponding ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivities are 260–1,990 and 1,688–5,572 for CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ mixtures at the range of tested pressures. In addition, the separation performance can be controlled by varying the shell-interlayer-core structure with IL inside, outside or on both sides of ZIF-8 and the thickness of outer shell.     

Aramid pulp treated with imidazolium ionic liquids as a filler in rigid polyurethane bio-foams

This article reports an aramid pulp (AP) treated with two ionic liquids (IL), namely 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C₄.Cl) and 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HO₂C), and its use as a filler in reinforced rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF). The RPUF were incorporated with the treated AP at three weight fractions (c.a. 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) and were produced by the free rising method. The results showed that the studied IL promoted a better interaction between the AP and the RPUF system, which increased the overall reactivity, imparting a higher cell anisotropy. This also yielded a positive effect in mechanical properties and thermal stability of the RPUF. Compared to the neat RPUF, outstanding increases of approximately 50 and 20% were achieved in compressive modulus and strength, respectively. In all, the use of IL promoted increased compatibility between matrix and reinforcement, especially that HO₂C IL.     

Ionic liquid modified graphene oxide for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

In this work, to improve its dispersion and flame retardancy, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by silane coupling agent KH550 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate (PF₆-ILs), and characteristics of the PF₆-ILs@GO was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then, the synergistic flame retardant of GO or PF₆-ILs@GO and melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) were applied for epoxy resin (EP) materials. Specifically, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of EP with 0.1 wt% PF₆-ILs@GO was increased to 29.2% from 27.5% of EP/MPP composites, and the UL-94 test reached the V-0 rating. The CCT results showed that the total heat release (THR) and total smoke release (TSP) of EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites were significantly 24.4% and 53.4% lower than that of EP/MPP composites. Besides, the thermal behavior investigated by TGA indicated that the char-forming effect of GO and PF₆-ILs@GO was great, the residual char of EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites was as high as 19.5% at 700°C, and its thermal stability was higher than that of EP/MPP composites. On the other hand, the tensile strength of EP/MPP/GO and EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites were increased by 15.6% and 28.3% compared with EP/MPP composites. According to SEM analysis, the EP/MPP/GO composites formed a good protective char layer, which can effectively improve flame retardancy of EP. This research represents a new method of flame retardant modified GO to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polymers.     

Development of sodium hybrid quasi-solid electrolytes based on porous NASICON and ionic liquids

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the alternative of choice to overcome the increasing demand of energy. However, besides the scarcity of lithium and limited geolocation, it is believed that such batteries have already reached their maximum maturity. Sodium batteries emerge as an alternative to produce the new, so called, post-lithium batteries. In this study, we explore (i) the effect of sodium content and sintering temperature in solid electrolytes based in NASICON-type compounds and (ii) the use of two methodologies to obtain porous NASICON samples: application of natural substances and organic materials as pore-formers and freeze casting. The main purpose is the attainment of hybrid quasi-solid state electrolytes, with enhanced room temperature conductivity, based on porous ceramic electrolyte layers infiltrated with ionic liquids. Using this approach, porous samples with different microstructure and porous morphology and distribution were achieved, providing an enhancement in conductivity (ranging from 0.45 to 0.96 mS cm⁻¹ at 30 °C) of one order of magnitude for infiltrated samples respect to pore-free samples. According to these results the porous NASICON might be considered as a functional macroporous inorganic separator that can act as a Na⁺ reservoir.     

运用均衡凝固理论解决燃气轮机壳体铸件的缩孔和缩松缺陷

燃气轮机壳体是厚大断面球墨铸铁件,壁厚在80~200mm之间,在生产过程中非常容易出现缩孔和缩松缺陷,运用均衡凝固理论进行工艺改进,充分利用厚壁球铁件的自补缩功能,消除了铸件的缩孔和缩松缺陷,生产验证表明均衡凝固技术作为工艺设计理论和方法,对生产高品质的铸件有普遍意义。     

钇基重稀土镁复合球化剂在铸态高韧性厚壁球铁件上的应用

应用钇基重稀土镁复合球化剂，铸造厚大断面高韧性球铁冷却壁，成功地获得了铸件中心部位铸态高性能。超过了用户要求和美国ＡＣ公司的标准。铸件中心部位铸态延伸率≥１７％，接近了铸件外层或附铸试块的水平。