Integrating spectral indices with environmental parameters for estimating heavy metal concentrations in rice using a dynamic fuzzy neural-network model

A generalized dynamic fuzzy neural network (GDFNN) was created to estimate heavy metal concentrations in rice by integrating spectral indices and environmental parameters. Hyperspectral data, environmental parameters, and heavy metal content were collected from field experiments with different levels of heavy metal pollution (Cu and Cd). Input variables used in the GDFNN model were derived from 10 variables acquired by gray relational analysis. The assessment models for Cd and Cu concentration employed five and six input variables, respectively. The results showed that the GDFNN for estimating Cu and Cd concentrations in rice performed well at prediction with a compact network structure using the training, validation, and testing sets (for Cu, fuzzy rules=9, R² greater than 0.75, and RMSE less than 2.5; for Cd, fuzzy rules=9, R² greater than 0.75, and RMSE less than 1.0). The final GDFNN model was then compared with a back-propagation (BP) neural network model, adaptive-network-based fuzzy interference systems (ANFIS), and a regression model. The accuracies of GDFNN model prediction were usually slightly better than those of the other three models. This demonstrates that the GDFNN model is more suitable for predicting heavy metal concentrations in rice.     

Stochastic volatility models with leverage and heavy-tailed distributions: A Bayesian approach using scale mixtures

This paper studies a heavy-tailed stochastic volatility (SV) model with leverage effect, where a bivariate Student-t distribution is used to model the error innovations of the return and volatility equations. Choy et al. (2008) studied this model by expressing the bivariate Student-t distribution as a scale mixture of bivariate normal distributions. We propose an alternative formulation by first deriving a conditional Student-t distribution for the return and a marginal Student-t distribution for the log-volatility and then express these two Student-t distributions as a scale mixture of normal (SMN) distributions. Our approach separates the sources of outliers and allows for distinguishing between outliers generated by the return process or by the volatility process, and hence is an improvement over the approach of Choy et al. (2008). In addition, it allows an efficient model implementation using the WinBUGS software. A simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the proposed approach and its comparison with the approach by Choy et al. (2008). In the empirical study, daily exchange rate returns of the Australian dollar to various currencies and daily stock market index returns of various international stock markets are analysed. Model comparison relies on the Deviance Information Criterion and convergence diagnostic is monitored by Geweke’s convergence test.     

首秦4300毫米宽厚板轧机自动化控制系统

首秦4300mm宽厚板轧机自动化系统是一个装备水平和自动化程度较高的先进系统。文中详细描述了该轧机自动化系统的特点、系统分级和硬件构成、控制功能及软件系统,最后介绍了现场调试中遇到的问题和解决方案。     

An improved correlation for the calculation of liquid thermal conductivity

Eighteen correlations appearing in the literature for the prediction of thermal conductivity, , of liquids are critically analyzed, and their reliability is checked using coherent input data and selected experimental values. The best results are obtained using the Reid, Sherwood, and Prausnitz correlation with a mean deviation of about 8% between predicted and experimental values. An improved correlation is proposed starting from the Viswanath equation, chosen because of its simplicity and convenience. The values of thermal conductivity obtained by this new correlation agree with the experimental values within 1%.     

离子液体[C_6mim]Br中TiO_2气凝胶的制备

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,离子液体[C6mim]Br为催化剂及模板剂,在低温、常压条件下制备了TiO2气凝胶。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及N2吸附/脱附法对结构进行了分析。结果表明,TiO2气凝胶为锐钛矿晶体结构,平均孔径为9.7nm,比表面积为264.3m2/g,孔体积为0.513cm3/g。以活性蓝为模拟污染物,紫外汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2气凝胶的光催化活性。结果表明,TiO2气凝胶具有优于P25的光催化活性。     

四氢吡咯烷离子液体液晶研究

合成了亲水性和疏水性的饱和杂环类离子液体N-十六烷基-N-甲基四氢吡咯烷溴化物与四氟合硼酸盐,采用偏光显微镜、变温X射线衍射仪和热化学等方法,研究两类离子液体液晶结构、自组装过程和相转变等特性,研究负离子对饱和杂环类离子液体自组装行为的影响.结果发现,该两种离子液体均可在熔点以上形成层状液晶,负离子结构与大小对离子液体液晶的结构与性质具有非常重要的影响,BF4-比Br-体积大,使吡咯烷环和环上的长碳链以较大的间隔排列,形成分子在近晶平面层内有序分布,结构非常接近固态的近晶型液晶.     

离子液体及其研究应用进展

离子液体是一类极具应用前景的绿色溶剂,具有优良的稳定性、低挥发性、可设计性等优点。离子液体作为溶剂,可以为化学反应提供不同于传统有机溶剂的优良环境。离子液体不仅可用作环境友好的"绿色溶剂",而且在生物合成和有机反应中表现出特殊的催化、促进效应。本文着重介绍离子液体在多孔材料制备方面和化学催化、化学反应的研究进展,以及以离子液体作为溶剂在纤维溶解及染色和合成电池方面的应用所起的重要作用及最新研究成果,并对离子液体在催化领域的绿色可持续应用前景进行展望。     

离子液体中不同形貌ZnO的制备及光催化性能

采用水热反应的方法,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([BMIM]Br)离子液体为反应介质,在140℃的温度下合成了不同形貌的ZnO粉体光催化剂。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析方法对产物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,所合成的不同形貌的ZnO粉体均属于六方晶相,同时具有纤锌矿结构,且离子液体对产物产生了一定的修饰作用。在以紫外灯为光源的条件下,将有机染料甲基橙为目标降解物,使用自制光催化反应器进行了光降解实验,考察了所制备出的不同形貌ZnO粉体的光催化活性。     

重质碳酸钙活化的研究

采用硬脂酸对1500目重质碳酸钙进行湿法活化,利用正交实验研究了硬脂酸加入量、反应温度和反应时间对活化效果的影响。测定了改性前后重质碳酸钙活化度,并用红外光谱进行表征。